Maxime Bernier

Conservative MP and Cabinet Minister

Maxime Bernier worked as a lawyer for about 15 years before entering politics. He won the riding of Beauce, Quebec, as a Conservative candidate in the 2006 federal election. This was the same riding held by his father, Gilles Bernier, from 1984 to 1997 (first as a Progressive Conservative candidate and then, from 1993, as an Independent).

Maxime Bernier served as Minister of Industry (2006–07), Minister of Foreign Affairs (2007–08) and Minister of State for Small Business and Tourism (2011–15) in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper.

After the Conservatives were defeated in 2015 by Justin Trudeau’s Liberals, Bernier became Critic for Innovation, Science and Economic Development.

Conservative Leadership Bid

In 2016, Bernier announced that he would run for election as leader of the Conservative Party. Bernier finished a close second to Andrew Scheer at the leadership convention in May 2017. However, the vote had many irregularities. There were far more votes cast than there were voters. The ballots were also destroyed without being certified by an accounting firm. Bernier disputed the results immediately and bitterly. It later came to light that a contingent of dairy farmers had temporarily joined the party specifically to vote against him and his anti- supply management platform. This tipped the vote to Scheer.

Although Scheer appointed Bernier to his “shadow cabinet,” their relationship was strained. Bernier’s public statements condemning supply management, tariffs and multiculturalism conflicted with official Conservative policy. In June 2018, Scheer removed Bernier from his role in the shadow cabinet. This was triggered by Bernier’s decision to post online an excerpt about supply management from his unpublished book, Doing Politics Differently: My Vision for Canada.

Political Ideology

Bernier has identified his fundamental values as: individual freedom, personal responsibility, fairness and respect. He supports “small government” and opposes government intervention in Canadian society, culture and the economy. This includes opposition to corporate welfare, tariffs and supply management. He has criticized multiculturalism, called for a reduction in immigration and supported the imposition of a values test for new immigrants. Bernier has also denied the link between human activity and climate change and has criticized what he calls “climate change alarmism.” He opposes government policies aimed at combatting climate change.

People’s Party of Canada (PPC)

In August 2018, Bernier announced that he was leaving the Conservative Party, which he felt was “too intellectually and morally corrupt to be reformed.” He founded the People’s Party of Canada (PPC) in September 2018. The party has been described as libertarian and populist and has been linked to white supremacists and the far right.

Bernier stood for re-election as the PPC candidate for Beauce, Quebec, in the October 2019 federal election. However, he was defeated by Conservative candidate Richard Lehoux, a former dairy farmer, who won the riding by more than 6,000 votes.

2021 Federal Election

During the 2021 election, Maxime Bernier and the PPC notably campaigned against government policies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The party managed to increase its vote share substantially from 1.6 per cent in 2019 to 4.9 per cent in 2021. Bernier failed to win re-election in Beauce. He was again defeated by Richard Lehoux, but by a much larger margin of more than 17,000 votes. However, the PPC succeeded in siphoning support from the Conservative Party, especially in Western Canada, where Bernier spent the majority of the campaign.

In December 2021, Bernier’s leadership of the PPC was confirmed by a vote of 95.6 per cent support from the party membership.

2025 Federal Election

Canada’s political deck of cards was reshuffled significantly in early 2025. Newly inaugurated US president Donald Trump began his second term by threatening a trade war with Canada with the stated goal of annexing it as the 51st state. Nationalism in Canada soared, and concerns over the country’s sovereignty grew.
As a result, the election on 28 April 2025 proved to be a two-way race. The Liberals and Conservatives combined for 85 per cent of the vote. The smaller parties were all squeezed out, including the PPC, which received only 0.7 per cent of the national vote. Bernier, who did not participate in the televised leaders’ debates because the PPC did not meet the participation requirements, finished a distant fourth in Beauce with only 5.8 per cent of the vote.
After the election, Bernier told CBC News, “The People's Party will be there at the next election — in two years or four years — with the same ideas and the same platform. When Canadians will be ready, we will be there.”