Leaders & Activists | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Jamaican Maroons in Nova Scotia

    The ancestors of the Maroons of Jamaica were enslaved Africans who had been brought there by the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries, and later by the British (who captured Jamaica from Spain in 1655), to work its lucrative sugar plantations. The word maroon was widely used to describe a runaway, and maroonage to denote the act and action of escaping enslavement, whether temporarily or permanently. After a series of wars with the colonial government in Jamaica, one group of Maroons was deported to Nova Scotia in 1796. While Maroon communities existed in Nova Scotia for only four years before they were sent to Sierra Leone, their legacy in Canada endures.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ec55dd45-84f0-4ca8-a613-cadef5f53496.jpg Jamaican Maroons in Nova Scotia

  • Article

    Masumi Mitsui

    Masumi Mitsui, MM, farmer, soldier, Canadian Legion official (born 7 October 1887 in Tokyo, Japan; died 22 April 1987 in Hamilton, ON). Masumi Mitsui immigrated to Canada in 1908 and served with distinction in the First World War. In 1931, he and his comrades persuaded the BC government to grant Japanese Canadian veterans the right to vote, a breakthrough for Japanese and other disenfranchised Canadians. Nevertheless, Matsui and more than 22,000 Japanese Canadians were displaced, detained and dispossessed by the federal government during the Second World War (see Internment of Japanese Canadians).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/MasumiMitsui/2010-23-2-4-551.jpg Masumi Mitsui

  • Article

    Orange Order in Canada

    The Orange Order was a political and religious fraternal society in Canada. From the early 19th century, members proudly defended Protestantism and the British connection while providing mutual aid. The Order had a strong influence in politics, particularly through patronage at the municipal level, and developed a reputation for sectarianism and rioting.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d5c87930-81f5-4775-8e06-bdef546856e2.jpg Orange Order in Canada

  • Article

    Ovide Mercredi

    Ovide William Mercredi, O.C., O.M., lawyer, Indigenous leader (born 30 January 1946 in Grand Rapids, MB). Ovide Mercredi is a lawyer and Cree leader. He worked for the recognition of Indigenous Rights.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/OvideMercredi/Ovide_Mercredi_web.jpg Ovide Mercredi

  • Article

    Paul Bruchési

    Louis-Joseph-Paul-Napoléon Bruchési, Roman Catholic priest and Archbishop of Montréal from 1897 to 1939 (born 29 October 1855 in Montréal, Québec; died 20 September 1939 in Montréal). Paul Bruchési actively supported the Church’s involvement in education, health and welfare, and helped secure the establishment of many of the city’s leading institutions in these fields. He was also engaged in many public issues of the day, often taking a congenial approach with politicians and fellow prelates. In 1919, he began to suffer from a mysterious illness which by 1921, left him largely debilitated until his death in 1939.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/38926ad9-17bc-40c4-8f61-708c369ad8d7.jpg Paul Bruchési

  • Article

    Paul Le Jeune

    Paul Le Jeune, Jesuit missionary and superior at Québec, author (b at Vitry-le-François, France July 1591; d at Paris, France 7 Aug 1664). Converted to Catholicism at 16, Le Jeune was named superior of the Jesuits at Québec in 1632.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Paul Le Jeune

  • Article

    Paul Rose

    Paul Rose, Québecois indépendantiste leader, terrorist, unionist (born 16 October 1943 in Montreal, Quebec; died 14 March 2013 in Montreal). He was a member of the Chénier Cell, also known as the South Shore Gang, of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) and a key player in the October Crisis. On 13 March 1971, he was sentenced for the kidnapping and murder of Pierre Laporte, a minister in the government of Quebec.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/single_use_images/Paul_Rose.jpg Paul Rose

  • Article

    Peter Vasilevich Verigin

    Peter Vasilevich Verigin, Doukhobor leader (born 1859 in Slavianka, Russia; died October 1924 near Grand Forks, British Columbia). Exiled in Russia, Verigin immigrated to Canada in 1902. There, he became a powerful and controversial Doukhobor leader in Western Canada. Verigin died when the train in which he was travelling exploded, leading some to believe he was assassinated.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/PeterVeregin.jpg Peter Vasilevich Verigin

  • Article

    Phil Fontaine

    Larry Phillip (Phil) Fontaine, OC, OM, National Chief of AFN, activist, advisor on Indigenous relations (born 20 September 1944 in Sagkeeng First Nation on the Fort Alexander Reserve, MB). Phil Fontaine served as National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) for an unprecedented three terms. Under his leadership the AFN negotiated both the Kelowna Accord and the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. Fontaine has received many honours and awards, including the National Aboriginal Achievement Award, the Order of Canada, and numerous honorary doctorates. In 2017, he launched Recognition2Action, a campaign to legally recognize Indigenous peoples as Founding Nations of Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/60649c93-5cc7-46e5-8577-1d5cbb6f68ce.jpg Phil Fontaine

  • Article

    Obwandiyag (Pontiac)

    Obwandiyag (Pontiac), Odawa chief (born c. 1720 along the Detroit River; died 20 April 1769 in Cahokia, Illinois Country). Obwandiyag was the leader of a loose coalition of Indigenous nations that opposed British rule in what became known as Pontiac’s War (1763–66). The uprising is regarded by many as a historical antecedent to more contemporary Indigenous rights movements.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f3d5c6d6-8340-49cb-84e9-433b460ee3a5.jpg Obwandiyag (Pontiac)

  • Article

    Raymond Gravel

    ​Raymond Gravel, priest, chaplain, theologian and parliamentarian (born 4 November 1952 in Saint-Damien-de-Brandon, QC; died 11 August 2014 in Joliette, QC).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/a5a3fb35-11fe-487d-bc8f-d04eee16f753.jpg Raymond Gravel

  • Article

    Robert Baird McClure

    Robert Baird McClure, CM, OOnt, medical missionary, moderator United Church of Canada (born 23 November 1900 in Portland, OR; died 10 November 1991 in Toronto, ON). As a medical missionary, McClure provided medical care and services in numerous countries, including China, Egypt and India. He was elected a lay moderator of the United Church of Canada in 1968. McClure received numerous honours and awards in recognition of his services.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Robert Baird McClure

  • Article

    Robert Silverman (Bicycle Bob)

    Robert Silverman (a.k.a. Bicycle Bob), cycling enthusiast, activist (born 30 November 1933 in Montreal, QC; died 20 February 2022 in Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts, QC). Silverman is recognized for his efforts to promote cycling as a primary means of transportation in Montreal (see Bicycling). Popularly known for his theatrical protest methods, he also aimed to develop and improve safe cycling infrastructure (see Active Citizenship; Political Protest). Silverman co-founded the cycling safety and advocacy group Le Monde à bicyclette and is credited with having laid the social and cultural foundation for Montreal’s extensive bike lane network and general bicycle-friendly atmosphere.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/bicyclebob/bicyclebob.jpg Robert Silverman (Bicycle Bob)

  • Article

    Roberta Jamieson

    Roberta Louise Jamieson, OC, Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk) lawyer, ombudsman, Six Nations chief, policy advisor, senior mediator, businesswoman (born in 1953 at Six Nations of the Grand River Territory near Brantford, ON). Jamieson was the first Indigenous woman in Canada to earn a law degree (1976); first non-Parliamentarian appointed to a House of Commons committee (1982); first woman appointed ombudsman in Ontario (1989); and first woman elected as Six Nations chief (2001).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/RobertaJamieson/Roberta Jamieson.png Roberta Jamieson

  • Article

    Romeo Saganash

    Romeo Saganash, lawyer, politician, advocate for Indigenous rights (born 28 October 1962 in Waswanipi, a Cree community southeast of James Bay in central Quebec). Saganash is Quebec’s first Indigenous Member of Parliament and the province’s first Cree person to receive an undergraduate law degree. He is believed to be the first Indigenous leader in Canada to run for the leadership of a major political party. For the last 20 years, Saganash has represented the Cree at numerous national and international forums concerning Indigenous issues. He spent 23 years helping to negotiate the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples — a resolution that provides a framework to implement treaty rights between First Peoples and Canada and to fulfill other obligations in international agreements. He has spent his life furthering the economic, environmental, legal and constitutional rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada, particularly the Cree in the James Bay region.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Romeo-Saganash.jpg Romeo Saganash