Browse "Communities & Sociology"

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  • Article

    Ted King

    Theodore “Ted” Stanley King, civil rights activist, real estate broker, accountant, railway porter (born 14 July 1925 in Calgary; died 7 July 2001 in Surrey, BC). Ted King was the president of the Alberta Association for the Advancement of Coloured People from 1958 to 1961, where he advocated for the rights of Black Canadians. In 1959, King launched a legal challenge against a Calgary motel’s discriminatory policy, decades before human rights protections existed throughout Canada. The case made it to the Alberta Supreme Court. Though it was not successful, King’s case exposed legal loopholes innkeepers exploited in order to deny lodging to Black patrons.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/!feature-img-thumbnails/ted-king-tw.jpg Ted King

  • List

    Ten Black Canadians in the Armed Forces

    Black Canadians have a proud tradition of military service dating to the American Revolution. Many volunteered for service during the 19th and 20th centuries, despite opposition from both civilian and military authorities. Until the Second World War, most Black Canadians served in segregated units like the Coloured Corps in the War of 1812 and No. 2 Construction Battalion in the First World War. Since then, Black soldiers, sailors and airmen and women have served in the regular and reserve forces at home and overseas. Here are some of their stories.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d2114b98-ef0d-4e98-aa49-892b095d77cc.jpg Ten Black Canadians in the Armed Forces

  • Article

    Tenskwatawa (The Prophet)

    Tenskwatawa (the Prophet), Shawnee religious figure (born Lalawethika in Shawnee territory near the Great Lakes, 1775; died in Prophetstown, near Kansas City, Missouri, 1836).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/3794589a-24bb-4aab-ac19-84d8f88fdf97.jpg Tenskwatawa (The Prophet)

  • Article

    Terry Fox

    Terrance Stanley Fox, CC, Order of the Dogwood, athlete, humanitarian, cancer research activist (born 28 July 1958 in Winnipeg,  MB; died 28 June 1981 in New Westminster, BC). After losing his right leg to cancer at age 18, Terry Fox decided to run across Canada to raise awareness and money for cancer research. With the use of a customized running prosthesis, he set out from St. John’s, Newfoundland, on 12 April 1980 and covered 5,373 km in 143 days — an average of 42 km (26 miles) per day. He was forced to stop his Marathon of Hope in Thunder Bay, Ontario, on 1 September 1980, when cancer had invaded his lungs. He died shortly before his 23rd birthday. The youngest person to be made a Companion of the Order of Canada, he was awarded the 1980 Lou Marsh Trophy (now the Northern Star Award) as Canada’s athlete of the year and was named a Person of National Historic Significance by the Government of Canada. He was inducted into Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame and has had many schools, institutions and landmarks named in his honour. The annual Terry Fox Run has raised more than $800 million for cancer research. The Marathon of Hope raised $24 million by February 1981.  

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/38455a56-df5d-43f1-86be-7cba02458402.jpg Terry Fox

  • Article

    Thanadelthur

    Thanadelthur (Chipewyan for “marten shake”), peace negotiator, guide, teacher, interpreter (born c. 1697 likely in present-day northern MB; died 5 February 1717 at York Factory, MB). Known as the Ambassadress of Peace, Thanadelthur negotiated peace between the Chipewyan (Denesuline) and Cree peoples during the early fur trade. She was also instrumental in creating ties between the Chipewyan people and the Hudson’s Bay Company, as well as expanding the fur trade in today’s Churchill, Manitoba region.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9b5206c7-ee18-4397-becb-d7bca7972c77.jpg Thanadelthur

  • Editorial

    The Assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. It is the greatest murder mystery in Canadian political history. Thomas D’Arcy McGee, Father of Confederation and outspoken opponent of the Fenians, was assassinated on an Ottawa street in the early hours of Tuesday, 7 April 1868.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/4a74eaf5-4691-4b89-9d50-e98da872ed41.jpg The Assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee

  • Article

    Quebec Film History: 1896 to 1969

    This entry presents an overview of Quebec cinema, from its beginnings in the silent film era to the burgeoning of a distinctly Quebec cinema in the 1960s. It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women’s cinema.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/3b079b6b-0ea3-47b4-8e14-62d48630fb39.jpg Quebec Film History: 1896 to 1969

  • Article

    The Coloured Corps: Black Canadians and the War of 1812

    The Coloured Corps (also known as Runchey's Company of Coloured Men, or Black Corps) was a militia company of Black men raised during the War of 1812.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ee6791f8-0e4e-40a0-b993-ad09823228ad.jpg The Coloured Corps: Black Canadians and the War of 1812

  • Editorial

    Editorial: The Courage of Terry Fox

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Terry Fox was the boy who never gave up. His short life was devoted to achieving his goals. Obstacles just made him try harder. When he learned he had cancer and would lose his leg, he resolved to do something to help other cancer victims. When the disease claimed him on 28 June 1981, he left a legacy of hope that inspired millions to continue his cause.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/38455a56-df5d-43f1-86be-7cba02458402.jpg Editorial: The Courage of Terry Fox

  • Article

    The Four Kings of Canada

    The Four Kings of Canada were prominent leaders from the Haudenosaunee Confederacy who traveled to London to request a British invasion of French Canada in 1710 during the War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War). They presented Queen Anne with wampum and received numerous gifts, including the Queen Anne communion silver that is housed today in two Mohawk Chapels Royal. The high-profile reception of the Four Kings of Canada strengthened the military alliance between the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and Britain and shaped British perceptions of North American Indigenous peoples in the early 18th century.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Four-Kings/onigoheriago-lac-c092417.jpg The Four Kings of Canada

  • Editorial

    Editorial: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. The Baldwin–LaFontaine government of 1848 has been called the “great ministry.” In addition to establishing responsible government, it had an incomparable record of legislation. It established a public school system and finalized the founding of the University of Toronto. It set up municipal governments and pacified French-Canadian nationalism after a period of unrest. Responsible government did not transform Canada overnight into a fully developed democracy. But it was an important milestone along the road to political autonomy. Most importantly, it provided an opportunity for French Canadians to find a means for their survival through the British Constitution. The partnership and friendship between Baldwin and LaFontaine were brilliant examples of collaboration that have been all too rare in Canadian history.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ba6bdff6-574a-4697-ac95-afdcc5ddfcc9.jpg Editorial: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government

  • Article

    The History of Canadian Women in Sport

    For hundreds of years, very few sports were considered appropriate for women, whether for reasons of supposed physical frailty, or the alleged moral dangers of vigorous exercise. Since the late 19th century, however, women in Canada have participated in a growing list of sports — not only those deemed graceful and feminine, but also the sweaty, rough-and-tumble games traditionally played only by men (e.g., hockey, boxing, soccer, rugby)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9c27e9a9-7620-4f38-b10f-d79a6c7956ce.jpg The History of Canadian Women in Sport

  • Timelines

    The Indian Act

    The Indian Act is the principal law through which the federal government administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies. The Indian Act does not include Métis or Inuit peoples. The Act came into power on 12 April 1876. It consolidated a number of earlier colonial laws that sought to control and assimilate Indigenous peoples into Euro-Canadian culture. The Indian Act has been amended many times over...

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/cbcd31d1-03f6-4fba-a45d-96ee89c4617d.jpg The Indian Act

  • Article

    The Journey of Nishiyuu (The Journey of the People)

    Between 16 January and 25 March 2013, six Cree youths and their guide walked 1,600 km from Whapmagoostui First Nation, the northernmost Cree village in Quebec on Hudson Bay, to Parliament Hill in Ottawa in support of the Idle No More movement. They called the trek “The Journey of Nishiyuu,” which is Cree for “people.” Known as the Nishiyuu Walkers, the group attracted national media attention and inspired Indigenous youth to be the force of change in their lives and communities. (See also Indigenous Women Activists in Canada and Indigenous Political Organization and Activism in Canada.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/00339332-5ac9-4b3b-8578-b7200b7db6fc.jpg The Journey of Nishiyuu (The Journey of the People)

  • Interview

    The Legacy of Terry Fox: An Interview with Bill Vigars

    Bill Vigars discusses Terry Fox’s inspiration for the Marathon of Hope in a 2015 interview with Historica Canada

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Legacy of Terry Fox: An Interview with Bill Vigars