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  • Article

    Olivia Poole

    Susan Olivia Davis Poole, inventor (born 18 April 1889 in Devils Lake, North Dakota; died 10 October 1975 in Ganges, BC). Olivia Poole was raised on the Ojibwe White Earth Reservation in Minnesota. There, she was inspired by the traditional practice of using a bouncing cradleboard to soothe babies. In 1957, she patented her invention of the baby jumper, under the name Jolly Jumper, making her one of the first Indigenous women in Canada to patent and profit from an invention.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Poole 1.jfif Olivia Poole

  • Article

    Olivier Guimond

    Olivier Guimond, actor, mime (born 21 May 1914 in Montréal, QC; died 29 November 1971 in Montréal). 

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Olivier Guimond

  • Article

    Olivier Le Jeune

    We may never know the exact number of British ships that carried enslaved people from the continent of Africa to the New World (see Black Enslavement in Canada). However, the earliest record of enslaved Black Africans in New France is the sale of a boy from either Madagascar or Guinea. In 1629, the child, believed to have been around six years old, was brought to New France aboard a British ship as the chattel slave of Sir David Kirke, a trader and privateer for England’s King Charles I. The boy was later sold to a French clerk named Olivier Le Baillif, and then transferred to Guillaume Couillard. In 1633, the enslaved boy was baptized and given the name Olivier Le Jeune. Le Jeune remained in the colony of New France for the rest of his life until he died on 10 May 1654.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/10e1983c-bdbe-4650-9121-50dd7f143f28.jpg Olivier Le Jeune

  • Article

    Omer Dumas

    (Joseph) Omer Dumas. Violoneux, composer, b St-Antoine-Abbé, south of Montreal, 1 Apr 1889, d Montreal 9 Jul 1980. He took up the violin in his youth and studied in Montreal after 1907. In 1912 he began playing in a small group for silent films.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Omer Dumas

  • Article

    Omer Létourneau

    (Joseph Hercule) Omer Létourneau. Organist, pianist, composer, music dealer, publisher, teacher, b Quebec City 13 Mar 1891, d there 14 Aug 1983. His precocious taste for music was encouraged by his father. At 11 he was able to substitute for the school's music teacher for a whole term.

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  • Article

    Omond McKillop Solandt

    Omond McKillop Solandt, CC, OBE, FRSC, research director (born 2 September 1909 in Winnipeg, MB; died 12 May 1993 in Alliston, ON). Solandt was chairman of the Defence Research Board and the Science Council of Canada. (See also Defence Research.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/omondsolandt/omondmckollipsolandt.jpg Omond McKillop Solandt

  • Article

    One Third Ninth

    One Third Ninth. Piano trio formed in 1970 in Calgary by the violinist Moshe Hammer, the cellist John Kadz (at that time principals of the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra), and the pianist Gloria Saarinen.

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    Oneida

    The Oneida (Onyota’a:ka “People of the Standing Stone”) are an Indigenous nation in Canada. The Oneida are one the five original nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Historically, the Oneida occupied a village near Oneida Lake in New York state. They also occupy territory in southwestern Ontario. Oneida people live both on and off reserves. As of November 2023, the Government of Canada reported 6,503 members of Oneida Nation of the Thames and 2,254 Oneida members of Six Nations of the Grand River. (See also First Nations and Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Flag_of_the_Oneida_of_the_Thames_First_Nation.png Oneida

  • Article

    Onkar Prasad Dwivedi

    Onkar Prasad Dwivedi, CM, political scientist, environmentalist (born 20 January 1937 near Bindki in Uttar Pradesh province, India; died 29 January 2013 in Guelph, ON). Dwivedi was known for his research in public administration and the environment. He contributed widely to both his academic field as well as his community, both in Guelph and abroad.

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  • Article

    Onondaga

    The Onondaga are an Indigenous nation in Canada. They make up one-sixth of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy; the rest include the Kanyen’kehà:ka (Mohawk), Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida and Tuscarora. Onondaga traditional territory is located outside Syracuse, New York. Onondaga peoples also live on Six Nations territory near Brantford, Ontario. According to the Government of Canada, in January 2024, there were 711 registered members of the Bearfoot Onondaga First Nation and 892 registered members of the Onondaga Clear Sky First Nation. (See also First Nations.)

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    Ontario Schools Question

    The Ontario schools question was the first major schools issue to focus on language rather than religion. In Ontario, French or French-language education remained a contentious issue for nearly a century, from 1890 to 1980, with English-speaking Catholics and Protestants aligned against French-speaking Catholics.

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  • Article

    Onye Nnorom

    Onyenyechukwu (Onye) Nnorom, family physician, specialist in public health and preventive medicine (born 27 February 1981 in Montreal, Quebec). Nnorom is the associate director of the residency program in public health and preventive medicine at the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health. She also leads the Black health curriculum at the university’s medical school. Her work addresses the health inequities that racialized and immigrant communities face.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/OnyeNnorom/Onye_Nnorom2.JPG Onye Nnorom

  • Article

    Hupacasath (Opetchesaht)

    The Hupacasath (Hupač̓asatḥ, formerly Opetchesaht) are a Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation residing in the Alberni Valley, Vancouver Island, BC. According to the nation, Hupacasath means “people residing above the water.” In October 2021, the federal government reported that there were 353 registered members of the Hupacasath Nation.

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  • Article

    Orange Order in Canada

    The Orange Order was a political and religious fraternal society in Canada. From the early 19th century, members proudly defended Protestantism and the British connection while providing mutual aid. The Order had a strong influence in politics, particularly through patronage at the municipal level, and developed a reputation for sectarianism and rioting.

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  • Article

    Order-in-Council P.C. 1911-1324 — the Proposed Ban on Black Immigration to Canada

    Order-in-Council P.C. 1324 was approved on 12 August 1911 by the Cabinet of Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier. The purpose of the order was to ban Black persons from entering Canada for a period of one year because, it read, “the Negro race…is deemed unsuitable to the climate and requirements of Canada.” The order-in-council was the culmination of what researcher R. Bruce Shepard has called Canada’s “campaign of diplomatic racism.” Though the order never became law, the actions of government officials made it clear that Black immigrants were not wanted in Canada (see Immigration).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9d43e9db-d903-4447-a4a6-ad497d99685f.jpg Order-in-Council P.C. 1911-1324 — the Proposed Ban on Black Immigration to Canada