Places | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    New Westminster

    New Westminster, British Columbia, incorporated as a city in 1860, population 78,916 (2021 census), 70,996 (2016 census). The city of New Westminster is located on the north bank of the Fraser River, 20 km east of Vancouver. Governor James Douglas established New Westminster in 1859 as the capital of British Columbia. The Royal Engineers surveyed the city and Queen Victoria named it. As a result, New Westminster’s nickname is “The Royal City.” New Westminster is western Canada’s oldest city.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/8405cd89-59b7-4b0f-b434-ec1d2f55f2c1.jpg New Westminster

  • Article

    Music in New Westminster

    City east of Vancouver near the mouth of the Fraser River. After its designation (1859, incorporation 1860) as the capital city of British Columbia it was named New Westminster by Queen Victoria, and hence nicknamed 'The Royal City.

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  • Timelines

    Newfoundland and Labrador

    Newfoundland, the youngest of the Canadian provinces, joined Confederation in 1949. Some portion of its coast was undoubtedly one of the first parts of the continent seen by Europeans. Its total area is 405, 720 km2, of which Labrador makes up almost three-quarters (294,330 km2).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/53e7a7d6-7939-4450-81d0-3d467d000af0.jpg Newfoundland and Labrador

  • Article

    Newfoundland and Labrador

    Newfoundland, the youngest of the Canadian provinces, joined the Confederation in 1949. Some portion of its coast was undoubtedly one of the first parts of the continent seen by Europeans. Its total area is 405,720 km2, of which Labrador makes up almost three-quarters (294,330 km2). The island of Newfoundland is the easternmost region of Canada, while Labrador is located on the mainland to the northwest. Since John Cabot's arrival on the “new isle” the island has been referred to as Terra Nova, or in English, Newfoundland. Labrador probably received its name from the Portuguese designation, "Terra del Lavradors."

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/53e7a7d6-7939-4450-81d0-3d467d000af0.jpg Newfoundland and Labrador

  • Article

    Newfoundland and Labrador and Confederation

    Attempts to bring Newfoundland into Confederation in the 1860s and 1890s were met with lukewarm interest in the colony. In 1934, Newfoundland was in bankruptcy during the Great Depression. It suspended responsible government and accepted an unelected Commission Government directed by Britain. In a 1948 referendum, Newfoundlanders were given the choice to either continue with the Commission Government, join Canada, or seek a return to responsible government as an independent dominion. The independence option won the first vote. But the Confederation option won a run-off vote with 52.3 percent support. The British and Canadian parliaments approved of the union. Newfoundland became Canada’s 10th province on 31 March 1949. In 2001, the province’s name was officially changed to Newfoundland and Labrador.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/TCEImages/f6d1eaf9-8a3d-4e63-b541-3f932d9b4746.jpg Newfoundland and Labrador and Confederation

  • Editorial

    Editorial: How the “Canadianized” Community of Newfoundland Joined Canada

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. When the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa were repaired after a fire during the First World War, stone plaques were erected over the entrance to the Peace Tower. There were ten of them — nine bearing the coats of arms of the provinces and one left bare, to await the day when Newfoundlandjoined Canada.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Editorial: How the “Canadianized” Community of Newfoundland Joined Canada

  • Article

    Newmarket

    Newmarket, Ontario, incorporated as a town in 1880, population 87,942 (2021 census), 84,224 (2016 census). Newmarket’s modern boundaries were created in 1971 from the town itself, and portions of the townships of King, East Gwillimbury, and Whitchurch (see Whitchurch-Stouffiville). Located within York Region, Newmarket is in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area. Throughout history, the Newmarket area has been home to different Indigenous groups, namely the Wendat (Huron), Tionontati (Petun), Haudenosaunee and the Anishinaabeg. The land is covered by Treaty 13 and the Williams Treaties.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/2143d913-8b18-4c06-8a1f-f540e3d5df7d.jpg Newmarket

  • Article

    Niagara Escarpment

    The Niagara Escarpment, in its Ontario portion, is 725 km long, covering 1923 km2, with a maximum height of 335 m.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/5e74cb9f-53c2-453f-8ffd-322cbcf683cb.jpg Niagara Escarpment

  • Article

    Niagara Falls (Waterfalls)

    Niagara Falls, a spectacular waterfall in the Niagara River, is the world’s greatest waterfall by volume at 2,832 m3. It is split in two by Goat Island. The American Falls are 59 m high (21–34 m to rock debris at the base of the falls) and 260 m wide and carry about 10 per cent of the flow. The Canadian, or Horseshoe, Falls are 54 m high and 670 m wide, with the remaining 90 per cent of the flow. However, only the Canadian Falls fall freely to the Maid-of-the-Mist pool, where they have excavated a basin as deep or deeper than they are tall. The falls were formed some 14,000 years ago as retreating glaciers exposed the Niagara Escarpment, permitting the waters of Lake Erie, which formerly drained south, to flow northward into Lake Ontario.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/TCEImages/6ee4c921-2ba5-47cb-bfc5-8eebd83e3d65.jpg Niagara Falls (Waterfalls)

  • Article

    Niagara Falls

    Niagara Falls, Ontario, incorporated as a city in 1904, population 88,071 (2016 c), 82,997 (2011 c). The City of Niagara Falls possesses a fame and name that are based on the stunning, world-famous Niagara Falls on the Niagara River. Growth has combined tourism and gambling with railhead developments at this Canadian–US border crossing. In the past the manufacturing industry (including electrochemicals and abrasives) dominated, fuelled by cheap and readily available hydroelectric power.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/TCEImages/6ee4c921-2ba5-47cb-bfc5-8eebd83e3d65.jpg Niagara Falls

  • Article

    Music in Niagara Falls

    City first settled in 1782, adjacent to and named after the seventh wonder of the world, and situated directly across the Canadian-US border from Niagara Falls, NY.

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  • Article

    Niagara Historic Frontier

    On the west (Canadian) side of the river, across from Fort Niagara, stand FORT GEORGE, FORT MISSISSAUGA and Butler's Barracks, all under the auspices of PARKS CANADA.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/659c26df-741b-477d-8d28-b5a7c4212206.jpg Niagara Historic Frontier

  • Article

    Niagara-on-the-Lake

    Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, incorporated as a town in 1792 and reincorporated in 1970, population 17,511 (2016 census), 15,400 (2011 census). The town of Niagara-on-the-Lake is located where the Niagara River enters Lake Ontario. In 1970, the old town of Niagara-on-the-Lake joined the Township of Niagara. The township included the villages of Virgil, Queenston, St. Davids, Homer and McNab. Together they became a regional town retaining the name Niagara-on-the-Lake.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ea2f6b4b-d499-42a2-b95f-3ee49922b58b.jpg Niagara-on-the-Lake

  • Article

    Music in Niagara-on-the-Lake

    Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont (Newark until 1798, Niagara 1798-1906). First capital of Upper Canada (Ontario) and the site of the Shaw Festival.

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  • Article

    Niagara Peninsula

    The Niagara Peninsula lies between Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and the Niagara River in southwestern Ontario. As the river is on the international boundary between Canada and the United States, the peninsula has played a frontier role since 1783.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/11b0547f-e280-4329-9558-48e0948dc5cc.jpg Niagara Peninsula