Business & Economics | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Macleans

    Ontario Hydro to be Privatized

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on February 12, 1996. Partner content is not updated.

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  • Macleans

    Ontario Hydro's $6 Billion Loss

    It was a sight to behold: men and women who have dumped all over the province's public electrical utility from the dawn of political time, running in rhetorical circles in an effort to persuade worried voters and nervous consumers that Ontario Hydro's decision to write $6.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 2, 1998

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  • Article

    Otto Higel Co. Ltd.

    Otto Higel Co. Ltd. Toronto manufacturer of piano and organ supplies. The company was founded in 1896 by Otto Higel (b Silesia, Germany, 1869, d Toronto 2 Jul 1930), who had bought the Toronto piano action and key manufacturing business of F.

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  • Article

    Pacific Fur Company

    The Pacific Fur Company was established on 23 June 1810 and headed by New York fur dealer John Jacob Astor. Principal partners included ex-Nor'Westers Alexander McKay, Donald McKenzie and Duncan McDougall.

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  • Article

    Pacific Western Airlines Ltd

    In 1984, with the advent of the Economic Regulatory Reform (ERR), most of Canada experienced a deregulation program similar to that in the United States. The ERR had several significant effects. Two large trunk carriers, CAI and Air Canada, emerged, competing on major domestic routes.

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  • Article

    Political Party Financing in Canada

    The financial activities of political parties in Canada were largely unregulated until the Election Expenses Act was passed in 1974. Canada now has an extensive regime regulating federal political party financing; both during and outside of election periods. Such regulation encourages greater transparency of political party activities. It also ensures a fair electoral arena that limits the advantages of those with more money. Political parties and candidates are funded both privately and publicly. Election finance laws govern how parties and candidates are funded; as well as the ways in which they can spend money. (See also Canadian Electoral System.)

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  • Article

    Pay Television

    Although undertaken experimentally in Etobicoke, Ontario, between 1960 and 1965, pay television as a major venture was licensed only in March 1982, after a decade of debate.

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  • Article

    Peasant Farm Policy

    From 1889 to 1897, the Canadian government’s Peasant Farm Policy set limits on Indigenous agriculture on the Prairies. The policy included rules about the types of tools First Nations farmers could use on reserve lands. It also restricted how much they grew and what they could sell. The Peasant Farm Policy was built on the belief that Indigenous farmers had to gradually evolve into modern farmers. It also reduced these farmers’ ability to compete with settlers on the open market. The policy ultimately impeded the growth and development of First Nations farms. As a result, First Nations never realized their agricultural potential.

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  • Article

    Petro-Canada

    Petro-Canada, created by the federal government in the mid-1970s as Canada's national oil company, was the offspring of the world energy crisis, Canadian ECONOMIC NATIONALISM, and a tradition of state-supported development of the country's costly energy frontier.

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  • Article

    Petrochemical Industry

    The petrochemical industry, which produces chemicals using OIL AND NATURAL GAS as major raw materials, occupies an important position in Canada's MANUFACTURING and consuming sectors. Oil and natural gas are composed primarily of hydrocarbons. Most petrochemicals contain hydrogen or carbon or both.

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  • Article

    Petroleum

    Since its first commercial exploitation in the 1850s, petroleum has become the major energy source of Canada and the industrial world.

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  • Article

    Petroleum Exploration and Production

    People did not start drilling for buried petroleum until the middle of the 19th century, though its existence had been known for centuries. 

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  • Article

    Petroleum Industries

    Petroleum industries find, produce, process, transport, refine and market petroleum commodities. 

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  • Article

    Petroleum Research and Development

    Research has always been the backbone of the petroleum industry. Bringing crude oil, bitumen or natural gas to the surface presents major technological problems and, once recovered, there is little use for the resource in its raw state. 

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  • Article

    Petroleum Supply and Demand

    Petroleum demand reflects energy use in society and is usually forecast by projecting recent trends in economic growth, energy consumption, petroleum technology and prices.

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