Colonial | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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Displaying 31-45 of 51 results

  • Article

    Lachine Raid

    French westward expansion in the 1670s and 1680s cut off the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy from new sources of beaver and threatened New York's fur trade.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Lachine Raid

  • Article

    Martello Tower

    The 16 squat, flat-roofed towers built in British North America from 1796 to 1848 were distributed as follows: Halifax (5), Saint John (1), Québec City (4) and Kingston (6). The towers were built during times of tension with the United States.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Martello Tower

  • Article

    Ministère de la Marine

    The Ministère de la Marine is the section of the French government that administered Canada during its last 100 years as a French colony. The Ministère de la Marine — variously described as a ministry, department, or secretariat of state — administered France’s navy, colonies and seaborne trade.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c006216k.jpg Ministère de la Marine

  • Article

    Napoleonic Wars

    The Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) were a series of wars between France and shifting alliances between other European powers.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f8065783-2aec-49ca-b51d-18eebc60fe9b.jpg Napoleonic Wars

  • Article

    Privateering During the War of 1812

    Privateering refers to government licensing of private vessels to wage war. In Canada, privateering dated back to Samuel Argall's attack in 1613 on PORT-ROYAL, Acadia. From 1756 to 1815 British privateers sailed from Halifax, Liverpool and other Atlantic ports, cruising as far south as Venezuela.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Privateering During the War of 1812

  • Article

    Seven Years' War

    The Seven Years' War (1756–63) was the first global war, fought in Europe, India, America, and at sea. In North America, imperial rivals Britain and France struggled for supremacy. In the United States, the conflict is known as the French and Indian War. Early in the war, the French (aided by Canadian militia and Indigenous allies) defeated several British attacks and captured a number of British forts. In 1758, the tide turned when the British captured Louisbourg, followed by Quebec City in 1759 and Montreal in 1760. With the Treaty of Paris of 1763, France formally ceded Canada to the British. The Seven Years’ War therefore laid the bicultural foundations of modern Canada. This is the full-length entry about the Seven Years’ War. For a plain-language summary, please see Seven Years’ War (Plain-Language Summary).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/JamesWolfe/Benjamin_West_DeathofGeneralWolfe.jpg Seven Years' War

  • Article

    Ships of the War of 1812

    The war on the water was an essential, if not the most important, aspect of the WAR OF 1812. Great Britain was obviously at a disadvantage geographically when trying to defend its colony Canada in a conflict with the United States.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Ships of the War of 1812

  • Article

    Siege of Fort Erie, War of 1812

    The siege of Fort Erie was a British blockade of their own fort located at the entrance to the Niagara River opposite Buffalo, New York, which the Americans had captured on 3 July 1814.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Siege of Fort Erie, War of 1812

  • Editorial

    Montcalm, Wolfe and the memory of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/30d46f28-8fea-44c4-9c87-e552ab723c5c.jpg Montcalm, Wolfe and the memory of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham

  • Article

    The Battle of York

    A crushing defeat for the British in the War of 1812, the sacking of York began on the morning of 27 April 1813. At dawn, a flotilla of 16 American ships under Commodore Isaac Chauncey made its way to the capital of Upper Canada, York [Toronto]. Landing to the west, the Americans suppressed the small group of warriors defending the shore, while knocking out the town's meagre batteries. The American force of approximately 1,700 men easily assumed control. With the fort poorly defended by an undersized garrison of 700 soldiers and backed by an unenthusiastic (indeed, almost wholly absent) militia, the British general, Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, retreated. He left behind two local militia officers to negotiate the terms of surrender.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/SirIsaacBrockShip.jpg The Battle of York

  • Article

    Seven Years’ War (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Seven Years’ War (1756–63) was the first global war. In North America, Britain and France fought each other with the help of Indigenous allies. At the end of the war, France gave Canada (Quebec) and Ile Royale (Cape Breton) to Britain, among other territories. This is the reason that Canada has a British monarch but three founding peoples — French, British and Indigenous. (This article is a plain-language summary of the Seven Years’ War. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry Seven Years’ War.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/JamesWolfe/Benjamin_West_DeathofGeneralWolfe.jpg Seven Years’ War (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    The War of 1812 (Plain-Language Summary)

    The War of 1812 was fought between Britain and the United States between 1812 and 1814. The war ended in a stalemate but had many lasting effects in Canada. It guaranteed Canada’s independence from the United States. It also gave Canadians their first experience working together as a community and helped develop a sense of nationhood. (This article is a plain-language summary of the War of 1812. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry War of 1812.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d60240b0-5df1-48c0-bd0f-e3c0fbc67705.jpg The War of 1812 (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Editorial

    Alexander Dunn at the Battle of Balaclava

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Alexander Dunn at the Battle of Balaclava

  • Article

    Then and Now: Commemorating Lundy's Lane

    ​On 25 July 2014, Canada marks the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, one of the bloodiest battles of the War of 1812. The first milestone commemoration was held in 1914, when, just days before the start of the First World War, crowds of people gathered to celebrate 100 years of peace.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/297de7ae-f50e-4b6b-ab5b-103f73d1ebe1.jpg Then and Now: Commemorating Lundy's Lane

  • Article

    Troupes de la Marine

    The Troupes de la Marine (also known as the Compagnies franches de la Marine) were French regular infantry soldiers under the control of the Ministère de la Marine. Their key purpose was to defend France’s overseas colonial possessions, including New-France. These soldiers can be considered Canada’s first permanent regular army.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c006216k.jpg Troupes de la Marine