Military Engagements | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Fenian Raids

    The Fenians were a secret society of Irish patriots who had emigrated from Ireland to the United States. Some members of this movement tried to take Canadian territory by force, so they could exchange it with Britain for Irish independence. From 1866 to 1871, the Fenians launched several small, armed attacks. Each raid was put down by government forces. Dozens were killed and wounded on both sides. The raids revealed shortfalls in the leadership, structure and training of the Canadian militia, and led to improvements in these areas. The raids also took place at a time of growing concern over the threat posed by American military and economic might. This led to increased support for Confederation.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/1354ebca-0c98-466e-88d2-cbb9b2cabab1.jpg Fenian Raids

  • Article

    Frezenberg Ridge

    Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, composed largely of British-born former regular soldiers, had gone to Flanders in December 1914 in advance of 1st Canadian Division as part of the British 27th Division.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Frezenberg Ridge

  • Article

    Battle for Hill 70

    The capture of Hill 70 in France was an important Canadian victory during the First World War, and the first major action fought by the Canadian Corps under a Canadian commander. The battle, in August 1917, gave the Allied forces a crucial strategic position overlooking the occupied city of Lens.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/60c335ab-7325-4faf-b25a-e2197d6da9b6.jpg Battle for Hill 70

  • Article

    History of the Armed Forces in Canada

    The armed forces are the land, naval and air forces commanded by the federal government for the purpose of defending Canada's security, protecting its citizens, and promoting its strategic interests at home or abroad. The armed forces have evolved since colonial times from small, local militia units to the modern professional military forces of today.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/27bfbefd-a613-47df-bd35-5e01ef6511ae.jpg History of the Armed Forces in Canada

  • Education Guide

    Korean War Resource Kit

    The Korean War resource was produced by the Memory Project, a program of Historica Canada, with the generous support of the Government of Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/KWRK-cover-EN.jpg Korean War Resource Kit

  • Article

    Lachine Raid

    French westward expansion in the 1670s and 1680s cut off the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy from new sources of beaver and threatened New York's fur trade.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Lachine Raid

  • Article

    Battle of Mount Sorrel

    Mount Sorrel was the objective of an important battle between Canadian and German soldiers in the First World War.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Battle of Mount Sorrel

  • Article

    D-Day and the Battle of Normandy

    The 1944 Battle of Normandy — from the D-Day landings on 6 June through to the encirclement of the German army at Falaise on 21 August — was one of the pivotal events of the Second World War and the scene of some of Canada's greatest feats of arms. Canadian sailors, soldiers and airmen played a critical role in the Allied invasion of Normandy, also called Operation Overlord, beginning the bloody campaign to liberate Western Europe from Nazi occupation. Nearly 150,000 Allied troops landed or parachuted into the invasion area on D-Day, including 14,000 Canadians at Juno Beach. The Royal Canadian Navy contributed 124 vessels and 10,000 sailors and the Royal Canadian Air Force contributed 39 squadrons to the operation. Total Allied casualties on D-Day reached more than 10,000, including 1,096 Canadians, of whom 381 were killed in action. By the end of the Battle of Normandy, the Allies had suffered 209,000 casualties, including more than 18,700 Canadians. Over 5,000 Canadian soldiers died. (This is the full-length entry about D-Day and the Battle of Normandy. For a plain-language summary, please see D-Day and the Battle of Normandy (Plain-Language Summary).)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/bb05eb99-e533-4e8d-aafe-6ae70bdbf472.jpg D-Day and the Battle of Normandy

  • Article

    North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment

    The North Shore (NB) Regiment (NS(NB)R) is a bilingual, primary reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. It is part of the 5th Canadian Division, 37th Canadian Brigade Group. The regimental headquarters is located in Bathurst, New Brunswick. Regimental battle honours include Passchendaele, Ypres 1917 and Hill 70 (First World War); the Normandy Landing and the Battle of the Scheldt (Second World War).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/NorthShoreRegt/NS(NB)R Badge.jpg North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment

  • Article

    Battle of Sackets Harbor

    During the WAR OF 1812, British troops led by Lieutenant General Sir George PREVOST conducted a raid on Sackets Harbor, NY, having learned that the American naval squadron was at the western end of Lake Ontario supporting an American army in the NIAGARA PENINSULA.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Battle of Sackets Harbor

  • Article

    Remembering D-Day: The Making of a Heritage Minute

    On 6 June 1944, Canadian Forces landed on Juno Beach. D-Day was the largest amphibious invasion of all time and marked the beginning of the end of the Second World War. In 2019, Historica Canada released a Heritage Minute telling the story of 47-year-old Major Archie MacNaughton, a First World War veteran and leader of the North Shore New Brunswick Regiment’s A Company. In this article, Anthony Wilson-Smith, president of Historica Canada, reflects on the making of the D-Day Minute.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ArchieMacNaughton/IMG_2847.JPG Remembering D-Day: The Making of a Heritage Minute

  • Article

    Second Battle of Hill 355

    Hill 355 (Kowang San) was a strategically important site during the Korean War. Canadian troops were involved in two battles for control of the mountain. The 1st Battalion The Royal Canadian Regiment (RCR) fought in the second battle (22–24 October 1952), during which they defended the hill against Chinese attacks. See also First Battle of Hill 355.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/The-Memory-Project/image/9998_original.jpg Second Battle of Hill 355

  • Article

    Battle of Seven Oaks

    The Battle of Seven Oaks, or the Victory of the Frog Plain (la Victoire de la Grenouillère), took place 19 June 1816. The battle was a culmination of the Pemmican Wars and the escalating fur trade disputes between the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) and the North West Company (NWC). Pemmican was the food supply that the fur traders depended on to carry out operations. On the day of the battle, a party of about 60 Métis and First Nations men, led by Cuthbert Grant, was heading west of the Forks to deliver pemmican to the NWC canoe brigades on Lake Winnipeg. They were confronted at Seven Oaks by HBC Governor Robert Semple and 28 men (mostly HBC officers and employees). The gunfire and hand-to-hand combat that resulted left Semple and 20 of the HBC party dead. On the Métis side, 16-year-old Joseph Letendre died, and Joseph Trottier was wounded.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/50a4274a-0c2a-44b4-8d4c-f2246db64e4a.jpg Battle of Seven Oaks

  • Article

    Siege of Fort Erie, War of 1812

    The siege of Fort Erie was a British blockade of their own fort located at the entrance to the Niagara River opposite Buffalo, New York, which the Americans had captured on 3 July 1814.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Siege of Fort Erie, War of 1812

  • Article

    Sinking of the SS Caribou

    The SS Caribou was a passenger and train ferry that operated in the Cabot Strait between Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and North Sydney, Nova Scotia. On 14 October 1942, the German submarine U-69 sank the vessel, causing the worst loss of life in Canadian waters during the Second World War.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Caribou/ss-caribou-1920-1940.jpg Sinking of the SS Caribou