Politics & Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Toronto and French Place Names

    Streets, avenues, roads and parks are named according to criteria set by the municipal council concerned. 

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  • Macleans

    Toronto Bans Smoking

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on July 15, 1996. Partner content is not updated. The doors of The Pilot Tavern were wide open last Wednesday evening, but the unseasonably cool breezes wafting through the popular Toronto pub did little to clear the air. Like the tobacco haze hanging over the long, dark bar, a tough, new antismoking bylaw threatened to poison the atmosphere.

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  • Article

    Toronto City Hall

    The design of the City Hall was chosen through an international competition, which attracted more than 500 competitors from 42 countries.

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  • Article

    Toronto Bathhouse Raids (1981)

    On 5 February 1981, patrons of four bathhouses in downtown Toronto (The Barracks, The Club, Richmond Street Health Emporium, and Roman II Health and Recreation Spa) were surprised by 200 police officers in a series of coordinated raids, called “Operation Soap.” Law enforcement officials claimed the raids resulted from six months of undercover work into alleged sex work and other “indecent acts” at each establishment. Bathhouse patrons were subjected to excessive behaviour by police, including verbal taunts about their sexuality. When the night was over, 286 men were charged for being found in a common bawdy house (a brothel), while 20 were charged for operating a bawdy house. It was, up to that time, the largest single arrest in Toronto’s history. Most of those arrested were found innocent of the charges. The raids marked a turning point for Toronto’s gay community, as the protests that followed indicated they would no longer endure derogatory treatment from the police, media and the public.

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  • Article

    Toronto Feature: First Parliament Buildings

    This article is from our Toronto Feature series. Features from past programs are not updated.

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  • Article

    Toronto Purchase (Treaty 13)

    The Toronto Purchase of 1805 (also known as Treaty 13) was negotiated in an attempt to clarify and confirm the terms of the Johnson-Butler Purchase of 1787-88. Ultimately, it failed to do this and additional negotiations were required. These later discussions resulted in the Williams Treaties of 1923 and a compensatory settlement between the Government of Canada and the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation in 2010. (See also Upper Canada Land Surrenders.)

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  • Article

    Torts in Canada

    Tort law is a cornerstone of the Canadian legal system. It provides compensation for people who have been injured; or whose property has been damaged by the wrongdoing of others. Tort law is a vast area of private law. It has evolved to keep up with technology and social issues. It has been used by a growing number of victims of crime to help them seek justice against perpetrators. It has also been at the centre of high-profile Canadian cases involving the abuse of children; and the liability of governments for failing to protect citizens from contagious diseases and from defective medical devices.

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  • Article

    Tory

    Tory [Irish tóraidhe, "pursuer"], name applied to members of the CONSERVATIVE PARTY and its antecedents. The name originated as an epithet for dispossessed Irish "papists" who plundered English settlers and soldiers in Ireland.

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  • Macleans

    Tory Belinda Stronach Defects to Liberals

    BELINDA STRONACH'S job in Paul MARTIN's cabinet will last, barring catastrophe, for the life of this minority Liberal government. Perhaps even longer if the Liberals win re-election.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 30, 2005

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  • Macleans

    Tory Ontario's Mega-Week

    In a downtown Toronto hotel last week, 300 trustees and school board staff had gathered for the annual conference of the Ontario Public School Board Association.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 27, 1997

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  • Article

    Trade Union Songs

    Although rich in occupational songs, Canada has not produced many trade union songs.

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  • Article

    Trade Unions

    Trade Unions, see WORKING-CLASS HISTORY; UNION CENTRALS; and entries under LABOUR.

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  • Article

    Trades and Labor Congress of Canada

    Founded in 1883, the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada (TLC) was the first union central to take lasting root in Canada. Principally bringing together craft unions, the TLC was the largest workers’ organization in Canada at the turn of the 20th century. The TLC saw its membership fluctuate in the 20th century because of the fierce competition between national and international unions and the rise of industrial unionism. In 1956, the organization merged with the Canadian Congress of Labour to become the Canadian Labour Congress.

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  • Article

    Traffic Law in Canada

    ​The regulation of motor vehicle traffic is one of the greatest legal challenges of the 21st century. Governments make traffic laws and statutes, but common law rules still play an important role.

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  • Article

    Tran Case

    The Tran case (1994) was the first in which the Supreme Court dealt with the right to an interpreter. Tran was accused of sexual assault. At trial, he was assigned an interpreter because he spoke neither French nor English.

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