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Article

Powwows in Canada

Powwows are celebrations that showcase Indigenous music, dance, regalia, food and crafts. Commonly hosted by First Nations communities (either on reserve or in urban settings), powwows are often open to non-Indigenous people, Métis peoples and Inuit. Contemporary powwows originated on the Great Plains during the late 19th century. Since the 1950s, they have been growing in size, number and popularity. Powwows serve an important role in many Indigenous peoples’ lives as a forum to visit family and friends, and to celebrate their cultural heritage. Powwows also serve as a site for cross-cultural sharing with other attendees and participants. Indeed, powwows provide the opportunity for visitors to learn about, and increase their awareness of, traditional and contemporary Indigenous life and culture.
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Article

Prairie Dog

The prairie dog is a highly gregarious, diurnal, terrestrial ground squirrel that lives in colonies or "towns."
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Article

Prairie Dry Belt Disaster

Five major investigations were commissioned, but to little avail. Between 1921 and 1926, 138 townships in southern Alberta, comprising nearly 3.2 million acres (1.3 million ha), lost at least 55% of their population; by 1926 80% of the Tilley-East country was permanently evacuated.
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Article

Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA)

The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) was a branch of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada with a focus on Western Canada. It was headquartered in Regina, Saskatchewan. The PFRA also had 22 district offices throughout the Prairie provinces. The agency began in response to the drought crisis of the 1930s in the Prairies. However, for nearly eight decades, it continued to help farmers conserve soil, prevent erosion, develop water resources and manage pasture land.
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Article

History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies

The Canadian Prairies were peopled in six great waves of migration, spanning from prehistory to the present. The migration from Asia, about 13,300 years ago, produced an Indigenous population of 20,000 to 50,000 by about 1640. Between 1640 and 1840, several thousand European and Canadian fur traders arrived, followed by several hundred British immigrants. They created dozens of small outposts and a settlement in the Red River Colony, where the Métis became the largest part of the population. The third wave, from the 1840s to the 1890s, consisted mainly but not solely of Canadians of British heritage. The fourth and by far the largest wave was drawn from many nations, mostly European. It occurred from 1897 to 1929, with a pause (1914–22) during and after the First World War. The fifth wave, drawn from other Canadian provinces and from Europe and elsewhere, commenced in the late 1940s. It lasted through the 1960s. The sixth wave, beginning in the 1970s, drew especially upon peoples of the southern hemisphere. It has continued, with fluctuations, to the present. Throughout the last century, the region has also steadily lost residents, as a result of migration to other parts of Canada, to the United States, and elsewhere.
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Article

Precious Blood Roman Catholic Church

The Église du Précieux Sang, built between 1967 and 1969 in St. Boniface, Manitoba, was designed by Étienne-Joseph Gaboury, of Gaboury, Lussier, Sigurdson Architects.
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Article

History of Early Indigenous Peoples in Canada

There are varying perspectives on when Indigenous peoples first arrived in what is now North and South America. Some Indigenous traditions state that Indigenous peoples have been here since time immemorial. Archaeological research ranges widely in arguments surrounding first arrival, including dates as far back as 130,000 years ago to as recently as 12,000 years ago.
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Article

Prejudice and Discrimination in Canada

Prejudice refers to an unsubstantiated, negative pre-judgment of individuals or groups, usually because of ethnicity, religion or race. Discrimination is the exclusion of individuals or groups from full participation in society because of prejudice.
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Article

Premier

A premier is the chief minister of a provincial government. Because of the shared framework of cabinet government, the office of provincial premier is similar to that held by Canada's Prime Minister.
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Macleans

Premier Danny Williams Gives Prominence to Newfoundland's Concerns

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on December 20, 2004. Partner content is not updated. The suits are more conservative these days, the partying is toned down, but there's still plenty of mischief at the heart of Danny Williams.
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Macleans

Premiers and National Unity

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on September 29, 1997. Partner content is not updated.
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Article

Prerogative Powers

Prerogative powers are defined as "the residue of discretionary or arbitrary authority which at any given time is legally left in the hands of the CROWN.
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Article

Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in Canada

All Christian churches of the "Reformed" tradition derive from the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and from Calvinism. Early Scottish settlers brought Presbyterianism to the Maritimes and central Canada in the late 18th century. In the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), 472,385 Canadians identified as Presbyterian.
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Macleans

Preserving St. Roch

A small horde of second- and third-graders swarms down onto the blood-red deck like so many giggling pirates. But the "blood" on the deck is really red-oxide paint. And the children - from Parkcrest Elementary School in Burnaby, B.C.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 11, 1998
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Article

Pressure Group

A pressure group, also known as an interest group or lobby, is an organization formed by like-minded people who seek to influence PUBLIC POLICY to promote an interest. Pressure groups exist in all modern pluralist democracies and have sprung up on all sides. Some defend producer interests.
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