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  • Article

    The Handmaid's Tale

    Margaret Atwood’s sixth novel, The Handmaid's Tale (1985) is a chilling dystopian vision of the future. It is set in the Republic of Gilead, a totalitarian America in which fundamentalist Christians have killed the president and Congress and imposed a puritanical theocracy. The Handmaid's Tale portrays a loveless police state that oppresses women and regulates all aspects of human life with constant surveillance. The novel won the Governor General's Literary Award and the Arthur C. Clarke Award for Science Fiction Literature. It has sold more than eight million copies in English. The Washington Post’s Ron Charles called it “the most popular and influential feminist novel ever written.” It has been adapted into a feature film, an acclaimed opera, a ballet, an Emmy Award-winning television series and a graphic novel. The Testaments, a highly anticipated sequel written by Atwood, was published in September 2019. It was awarded the Booker Prize in a rare tie with Bernardine Evaristo’s Girl, Woman, Other.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/Handmaid's Tale.jpg The Handmaid's Tale

  • Editorial

    The Heroism of William Jackman

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not updated.On 9 October 1867, in Spotted Island Harbour, Labrador, Captain William Jackman secured his vessel ahead of a vicious storm and went ashore to visit his old friend, John Holwell. Before the day ended, events transpired that earned Jackman a place in Newfoundland history — and legend.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ab2a7cfb-9c8d-4afb-81e1-d63780c50952.jpg The Heroism of William Jackman

  • Article

    The History of Canadian Women in Sport

    For hundreds of years, very few sports were considered appropriate for women, whether for reasons of supposed physical frailty, or the alleged moral dangers of vigorous exercise. Since the late 19th century, however, women in Canada have participated in a growing list of sports — not only those deemed graceful and feminine, but also  the sweaty, rough-and-tumble games traditionally played only by men (e.g., hockey, boxing, soccer, rugby)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9c27e9a9-7620-4f38-b10f-d79a6c7956ce.jpg The History of Canadian Women in Sport

  • Article

    Canadian Film History: 1896 to 1938

    Filmmaking is a powerful form of cultural and artistic expression, as well as a highly profitable commercial enterprise. From a practical standpoint, filmmaking is a business involving large sums of money and a complex division of labour. This labour is involved, roughly speaking, in three sectors: production, distribution and exhibition. The history of the Canadian film industry has been one of sporadic achievement accomplished in isolation against great odds. Canadian cinema has existed within an environment where access to capital for production, to the marketplace for distribution and to theatres for exhibition has been extremely difficult. The Canadian film industry, particularly in English Canada, has struggled against the Hollywood entertainment monopoly for the attention of an audience that remains largely indifferent toward the domestic industry. The major distribution and exhibition outlets in Canada have been owned and controlled by foreign interests. The lack of domestic production throughout much of the industry’s history can only be understood against this economic backdrop. This article is one of four that surveys the history of the film industry in Canada. The entire series includes: Canadian Film History: 1896 to 1938; Canadian Film History: 1939 to 1973; Canadian Film History: 1974 to Present; Canadian Film History: Notable Films and Filmmakers 1980 to Present.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/1f440346-22dd-48de-951f-264baf7a7fc4.jpg Canadian Film History: 1896 to 1938

  • Timelines

    The Indian Act

    The Indian Act is the principal law through which the federal government administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies. The Indian Act does not include Métis or Inuit peoples. The Act came into power on 12 April 1876. It consolidated a number of earlier colonial laws that sought to control and assimilate Indigenous peoples into Euro-Canadian culture. The Indian Act has been amended many times over...

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/cbcd31d1-03f6-4fba-a45d-96ee89c4617d.jpg The Indian Act

  • Article

    The Internet and Music

    The Internet began in the early 1970s as a "network of networks" involving several different US university and government computer systems. It quickly expanded to incorporate computer networks in other countries, including Canada.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Internet and Music

  • Article

    The Iroquois Nationals and the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships

    The Iroquois Nationals are a lacrosse team representing the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, which crosses the Canada-US border. It is the only First Nations team officially sanctioned to compete in any sport internationally. While this gives the team a unique distinction, it is also at the heart of an ongoing controversy that has resulted in the Nationals forfeiting games due to disputes over the legitimacy of the passports they use to travel internationally.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Iroquois_passport.png The Iroquois Nationals and the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships

  • Article

    The Journey of Nishiyuu (The Journey of the People)

    Between 16 January and 25 March 2013, six Cree youths and their guide walked 1,600 km from Whapmagoostui First Nation, the northernmost Cree village in Quebec on Hudson Bay, to Parliament Hill in Ottawa in support of the Idle No More movement. They called the trek “The Journey of Nishiyuu,” which is Cree for “people.” Known as the Nishiyuu Walkers, the group attracted national media attention and inspired Indigenous youth to be the force of change in their lives and communities. (See also Indigenous Women Activists in Canada and Indigenous Political Organization and Activism in Canada.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/00339332-5ac9-4b3b-8578-b7200b7db6fc.jpg The Journey of Nishiyuu (The Journey of the People)

  • Article

    The Last Spike

    The Last Spike was the final and ceremonial railway spike driven into the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) track by company director Donald Smith on the morning of 7 November 1885. The ceremony marked the completion of the transcontinental CPR and was a muted affair at which a group of company officials and labourers gathered at Craigellachie near Eagle Pass in the interior of British Columbia. One of about 30 million iron spikes used in the construction of the line, the Last Spike came to symbolize more than the completion of a railway. Contemporaries and historians have viewed the Last Spike — as well as the iconic photographs of the event — as a moment when national unity was realized.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/1f3712f0-f1ac-4fba-a093-ff4c7cfec856.jpg The Last Spike

  • Timelines

    The Law

    This timeline includes moments related to law, crime and legal reform in Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/a4e59d7a-0581-47a1-a5ff-60757732f349.jpg The Law

  • Article

    The Lost Villages

    The Lost Villages are nine Canadian communities that were destroyed through the unprecedented land expropriation and construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project in the 1950s.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/1c940fd1-3163-44f3-b0d8-4320c8b71fb7.jpg The Lost Villages

  • Article

    "The Maple Leaf Forever"

    Next to "O Canada," which it predates by 13 years, “The Maple Leaf Forever” has been the most popular patriotic song composed in Canada. 

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 "The Maple Leaf Forever"

  • Editorial

    The Life and Meaning of Everett Klippert

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Everett George Klippert (1926–1996) was a popular Calgary bus driver who was jailed for homosexuality from 1960 to 1964, and from 1965 to 1971. An unlikely martyr, he shunned the spotlight. Klippert was once described as “Canada’s most famous homosexual” due to his unjust prison sentences, which ultimately led to the decriminalization of homosexuality in Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d5d0ce81-9f5e-4938-8c53-1fdaee0b6c39.jpg The Life and Meaning of Everett Klippert

  • Article

    The Memory Project

    The Memory Project is a national bilingual program whose mandate is to record and share the stories of veterans and currently serving Canadian Forces members. The Memory Project has two branches: a Speakers Bureau and an Archive.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b5d10d9d-bc08-4d55-969d-32c81691fbeb.jpg The Memory Project

  • Article

    Montréal Biodôme

    Opened in 1992 and located in the former Olympic velodrome, the Montréal Biodôme is part of the “Space for Life” network, which includes Montréal’s Insectarium, Planetarium and Botanical Garden.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/602331f5-435c-42b0-848e-0be2945dce57.jpg Montréal Biodôme