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  • Article

    Turtle Species in Canada

    Turtles are reptiles with a bony shell that belong to the order Testudines. Turtles have been very successful from an evolutionary standpoint and have persisted, relatively unchanged, since they first evolved more than 200 million years ago. Eight species of freshwater turtles and four species of sea turtles can be found in Canada. In addition, two species — the Pacific pond turtle and the eastern box turtle — are extirpated. This means that, while they continue to live in other parts of their range, they are no longer found in Canada. There are 14 extant taxonomic families of turtles worldwide, six of which are found in Canada: Chelydridae (snapping turtles), Trionychidae (softshell turtles), Kinosternidae (musk and mud turtles), Emydidae (pond and marsh turtles), Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtle) and Cheloniidae (hard-shelled sea turtles). In Canada, turtles are found from coast to coast, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, although they are absent from the territories in the North.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/329d62d9-ab1d-49a3-81bd-1bb8e80a059c.jpg Turtle Species in Canada

  • Article

    Turtle Island

    For some Indigenous peoples, Turtle Island refers to the continent of North America. The name comes from various Indigenous oral histories that tell stories of a turtle that holds the world on its back. For some Indigenous peoples, the turtle is therefore considered an icon of life, and the story of Turtle Island consequently speaks to various spiritual and cultural beliefs. This is the full-length entry about Turtle Island. For a plain-language summary, please see Turtle Island (Plain-Language Summary).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xxl_54953777.jpg Turtle Island

  • Article

    Turtle Island (Plain-Language Summary)

    Turtle Island is another name for North America. The origin of the name comes from the Algonquian-and-Iroquoian-speaking peoples. They are from the Northeastern part of North America. The stories are about a turtle that carries the world on its back. It is a symbol for life, the earth, and Indigenous identity. It also shows a deep appreciation for nature. This article is a plain-language summary of Turtle Island. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Turtle Island.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xxl_54953777.jpg Turtle Island (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Editorial

    John Tuzo Wilson's Theory of Plate Tectonics

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 John Tuzo Wilson's Theory of Plate Tectonics

  • Macleans

    TV and Kids' Violence

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on June 17, 1996. Partner content is not updated. Nick Workman's favorite program is The X-Men, a cartoon featuring mutant superheroes with names like Gambit, Rogue and Wolverine - the latter a misanthropic man-beast whose razor-sharp claws have a hair trigger. "I like the action," says Nick. "I like it when they use their powers.

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  • Article

    TVO

    TVO (formerly TVOntario; also stylized in lowercase as tvo) is Ontario’s English-language public educational television broadcaster. Founded in September 1970, its flagship station, CICA-DT (channel 19), is located in Toronto. The station is required to be carried by all pay television providers in the province, and its content is streamed for free online. TVO is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority (OECA), a crown corporation of the government of Ontario. Some of TVO’s best-known programs include Polka Dot Door, Today’s Special, Saturday Night at the Movies and The Agenda. A French-language sister station, La Chaîne française, was founded in 1987. It was renamed TFO (Télévision française de l’Ontario) in 1995.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/TVOntario_logo.svg.png TVO

  • Macleans

    TWA Flight 800 Disaster

    Two thunderclaps on an otherwise still night, plummeting balls of flame in the sky, and seconds later, a return to a now-eerie silence.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 29, 1996

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  • Article

    Typhus

    Typhus, see EPIDEMIC.

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  • Article

    Tyrannosaurus rex

    Tyrannosaurus rex is a species of very large, meat-eating dinosaur (theropod). It was one of the last non-avian dinosaurs, having lived at the very end of the Age of Dinosaurs between 68 and 66 million years ago. T. rex lived throughout the western interior of North America, from central Alberta and southern Saskatchewan in the north to Mexico in the south. It was the largest representative of a group of theropods called “tyrannosaurs,” which included relatives like Albertosaurus and Thanatotheristes. Three T. rex skeletons have been discovered in Canada, two in Alberta and one in Saskatchewan. The largest known T. rex skeleton was found in 1991 near the town of Eastend in southwestern Saskatchewan and is nicknamed “Scotty.” T. rex is the provincial fossil of Saskatchewan.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/tyrannosaurusrex/black-beauty.jpg Tyrannosaurus rex

  • Article

    Tyrant Flycatcher

    The tyrant flycatcher (family Tyrannidae) is a large, diverse New World bird family. The name flycatcher also refers to some members of the Old-World family Muscicapidae and a few other birds.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/tyrantflycatcher/eastern-phoebe.jpg Tyrant Flycatcher

  • Article

    U-boat Operations in Canadian Waters

    U-boat operations threatened Canada's sovereignty in the First and Second World Wars. German submarines (Unterseeboote) operated in Canadian (and American) waters during both world wars, targeting merchant vessels sailing alone or in convoy. Dozens of merchant ships were lost due to enemy action, as well as several Canadian warships, and hundreds lost their lives.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/U-Boats/survivors-HMCS-Esquimalt.jpg U-boat Operations in Canadian Waters

  • Article

    UFOs in Canada

    For 45 years, the Canadian government investigated unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Several of its departments and agencies collected sighting reports of UFOs in Canadian airspace from 1950 to 1995. These investigations started during the Cold War, spurred by fears of Soviet incursions. What began as a military question eventually became a scientific one. From the start, however, the government was reluctant to study this topic. It devoted few resources to it, believing UFOs to be natural phenomena or the products of “delusional” minds. By contrast, many Canadian citizens were eager for information about UFOs. Citizens started their own investigations and petitioned the government for action. In 1995, due to budget cuts, the government stopped collecting reports altogether. For their part, citizen enthusiasts have continued to investigate UFOs.

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  • Article

    Ukrainian Music in Canada

    Towards the end of the 19th century large numbers of Ukrainians began to arrive in Canada; the majority settled in the Prairie provinces. By the late 1980s there were over 950,000 Ukrainian Canadians, the largest concentrations in Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Ukrainian Music in Canada

  • Article

    Ukrainian and Greek Orthodox church music

    Ukrainian and Greek Orthodox church music. Ukrainian religious music was brought to Canada from Ukraine in the early 1890s with the first wave of immigration (the first Ukrainian Orthodox Church was erected in Gardenton, Man in 1899).

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  • Article

    Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village

    The Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village is a living history site, located 50 km east of Edmonton, Alberta, on the Yellowhead Highway near Elk Island National Park.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/29337e77-348f-4f57-ba2e-99208b0a8144.jpg Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village