Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.
Create AccountArticle
The potlatch (from the Chinook word Patshatl) is a ceremony integral to the governing structure, culture and spiritual traditions of various First Nations living on the Northwest Coast and in parts of the interior western subarctic. It primarily functions to redistribute wealth, confer status and rank upon individuals, kin groups and clans, and to establish claims to names, powers and rights to hunting and fishing territories.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/2c58511b-8b7a-4b34-963b-edfb3bab4f0d.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/2c58511b-8b7a-4b34-963b-edfb3bab4f0d.jpg
Article
From 1885 to 1951, the Indigenous ceremony known as the Potlatch was banned by the federal government of Canada. The government justified their decision to ban the Potlatch because they believed it was preventing the assimilation of Indigenous Peoples. Today, this ban is recognized as an aspect of cultural genocide (see Genocide and Indigenous Peoples in Canada). Though the Potlatch was illegal during this period of time, the ban was only ever sporadically enforced. This was in part a result of the vagueness of the wording of the law. The law was rewritten and prosecutions increased. In 1922, Indian agents, aided by police, arrested individuals who had participated in a Potlatch held in the community of ʼMimkwa̱mlis. They arrested 45 people. Ultimately, this resulted in imprisonment and the confiscation of hundreds of precious ceremonial objects.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f2fed9a9-c6dc-429a-80cd-98e6c7825449.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f2fed9a9-c6dc-429a-80cd-98e6c7825449.jpg
Article
The Québécois dessert called pouding chômeur — poor man’s pudding, or more literally, pudding of the unemployed — is delectably rich and incredibly simple.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9861ff9c-cc39-4d9e-97b1-81b0938aff90.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9861ff9c-cc39-4d9e-97b1-81b0938aff90.jpg
Article
About nine per cent of Canadians live in poverty, although the percentage is generally higher among certain groups such as single mothers and Aboriginal people. Low-income Canadians include the "working poor" — those with jobs — and the "welfare poor" — those relying mainly on government assistance.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/bc62a9cc-7256-4500-818b-6f2cd7bab8e2.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/bc62a9cc-7256-4500-818b-6f2cd7bab8e2.jpg
Article
Power Corporation of Canada, controlled by Paul Desmarais Jr. and André Desmarais (sons of the late PAUL DESMARAIS), was incorporated in 1925. It is a large and diversified company engaged in communications and financial services, as well as other business interests.
"https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9
Macleans
Tobin's chipper words aside, there remain daunting hurdles to overcome if the premier's power play is to become a reality by 2007, the target completion date.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 23, 1998
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/697bba1d-7d03-4ef3-aa0b-5ac5d05a02bc.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/697bba1d-7d03-4ef3-aa0b-5ac5d05a02bc.jpg
Article
R. v. Powley was a legal case concerning Métis hunting rights in Canada. In 1993, the province of Ontario charged Steve and Roddy Powley with illegal hunting. The Powleys disputed their conviction, arguing that the Aboriginal rights enshrined in section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 protected their hunting rights as Métis people. The case concluded in 2003, when the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the Powleys were, in fact, exercising lawful Métis hunting rights. The Powley case established criteria on who can legally qualify for Métis rights. It outlined 10 specific criteria, known as the Powley Test, which applies to Métis communities across Canada. The case also clarified that the Métis are a distinct people, separate from First Nations and Inuit peoples in Canada. Some legal experts believe the Powley case might lead to expanded Métis rights, including harvesting and fishing rights and possibly self-government.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/4de10db1-6b8b-45ef-a60a-55998c7afca0.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/4de10db1-6b8b-45ef-a60a-55998c7afca0.jpg
Article
Powwow dances are beautiful expressions of Indigenous spirituality, history and culture.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/2be60d63-a3cd-43f0-be85-0af738187639.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/2be60d63-a3cd-43f0-be85-0af738187639.jpg
Article
Music is a central feature at powwows, as all powwow activities revolve around the beat of the drum and the sounds of the singers’ voices.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/da9de904-834e-4aca-b3c6-8333c48235a7.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/da9de904-834e-4aca-b3c6-8333c48235a7.jpg
Article
Powwows are celebrations that showcase Indigenous music, dances, regalia, food and crafts. Commonly hosted by First Nations communities (either on reserve or in urban settings), powwows are often open to non-Indigenous and Métis and Inuit peoples alike. Contemporary powwows originated on the Great Plains during the late 19th century and, since the 1950s, have been growing in size, number and popularity. Powwows serve an important role in many Indigenous peoples’ lives as a forum to visit family and friends, and to celebrate their cultural heritage, while also serving as a site for cross-cultural sharing with other attendees and participants. Indeed, powwows provide the opportunity for visitors to learn about, and increase their awareness of, traditional and contemporary Indigenous life and culture.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/e2dfc5a1-46ca-4732-b1b4-459c1b227e67.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/e2dfc5a1-46ca-4732-b1b4-459c1b227e67.jpg
"https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9
Article
The prairie dog is a highly gregarious, diurnal, terrestrial ground squirrel that lives in colonies or "towns."
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/39e55559-6a69-49c6-834a-d2eb438d0ea7.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/39e55559-6a69-49c6-834a-d2eb438d0ea7.jpg
Article
Five major investigations were commissioned, but to little avail. Between 1921 and 1926, 138 townships in southern Alberta, comprising nearly 3.2 million acres (1.3 million ha), lost at least 55% of their population; by 1926 80% of the Tilley-East country was permanently evacuated.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ea2328a1-2ce9-4f2e-be69-d92cbfb2ae7a.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ea2328a1-2ce9-4f2e-be69-d92cbfb2ae7a.jpg
Article
The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) was a branch of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada with a focus on Western Canada. It was headquartered in Regina, Saskatchewan. The PFRA also had 22 district offices throughout the Prairie provinces. The agency began in response to the drought crisis of the 1930s in the Prairies. However, for nearly eight decades, it continued to help farmers conserve soil, prevent erosion, develop water resources and manage pasture land.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b4c10927-debc-4233-8c47-41315da62b2d.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b4c10927-debc-4233-8c47-41315da62b2d.jpg
Article
The Canadian Prairies were peopled in six great waves of migration, spanning from prehistory to the present. The migration from Asia, about 13,300 years ago, produced an Indigenous population of 20,000 to 50,000 by about 1640. Between 1640 and 1840, several thousand European and Canadian fur traders arrived, followed by several hundred British immigrants. They created dozens of small outposts and a settlement in the Red River Colony, where the Métis became the largest part of the population. The third wave, from the 1840s to the 1890s, consisted mainly but not solely of Canadians of British heritage. The fourth and by far the largest wave was drawn from many nations, mostly European. It occurred from 1897 to 1929, with a pause (1914–22) during and after the First World War. The fifth wave, drawn from other Canadian provinces and from Europe and elsewhere, commenced in the late 1940s. It lasted through the 1960s. The sixth wave, beginning in the 1970s, drew especially upon peoples of the southern hemisphere. It has continued, with fluctuations, to the present. Throughout the last century, the region has also steadily lost residents, as a result of migration to other parts of Canada, to the United States, and elsewhere.
"https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/e1c671ab-3dcf-459c-b108-0bc6e4a86b99.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.phphttps://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/e1c671ab-3dcf-459c-b108-0bc6e4a86b99.jpg
