Military | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    The War of 1812 (Plain-Language Summary)

    The War of 1812 was fought between Britain and the United States between 1812 and 1814. The war ended in a stalemate but had many lasting effects in Canada. It guaranteed Canada’s independence from the United States. It also gave Canadians their first experience working together as a community and helped develop a sense of nationhood. (This article is a plain-language summary of the War of 1812. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry War of 1812.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d60240b0-5df1-48c0-bd0f-e3c0fbc67705.jpg The War of 1812 (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    The Wars

    Timothy Findley’s 1977 novel about the mental and physical destruction of a young Canadian soldier in the First World War won the Governor General’s Literary Award for English Language Fiction. It is widely regarded as one of the country’s definitive historical war novels. It has been called “one of the most remarkable novels of war ever published” and “the finest historical novel ever written by a Canadian.” The Globe and Mail referred to The Wars as “the great Canadian novel about the First World War.”

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/60246c70-8d6a-4c61-af84-72e302c3363a.jpg The Wars

  • Editorial

    Alexander Dunn at the Battle of Balaclava

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Alexander Dunn at the Battle of Balaclava

  • Article

    Then and Now: Commemorating Lundy's Lane

    ​On 25 July 2014, Canada marks the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, one of the bloodiest battles of the War of 1812. The first milestone commemoration was held in 1914, when, just days before the start of the First World War, crowds of people gathered to celebrate 100 years of peace.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/297de7ae-f50e-4b6b-ab5b-103f73d1ebe1.jpg Then and Now: Commemorating Lundy's Lane

  • Article

    Toronto Feature: Armouries

    This article is from our Toronto Feature series. Features from past programs are not updated.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/7f6cdea8-59d5-4f74-82e5-c9516d10bcdb.jpg Toronto Feature: Armouries

  • Article

    Toronto Feature: Fort York

    This article is from our Toronto Feature series. Features from past programs are not updated.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/342717cc-5eef-45bd-93f9-737ea5b09a60.jpg Toronto Feature: Fort York

  • Macleans

    Troops Move Into East Timor

    The two Huey helicopters carrying Maj. Alain Gauthier and platoon commanders from Canada's Royal 22nd Regiment drifted low over the coastal flats of southern East Timor. Below, the giant leaves of banana trees swayed gently in what passes for breeze in the torpid tropical heat.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 8, 1999

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Troops Move Into East Timor

  • Article

    Troupes de la Marine

    The Troupes de la Marine (also known as the Compagnies franches de la Marine) were French regular infantry soldiers under the control of the Ministère de la Marine. Their key purpose was to defend France’s overseas colonial possessions, including New-France. These soldiers can be considered Canada’s first permanent regular army.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c006216k.jpg Troupes de la Marine

  • Article

    U-boat Operations

    U-boat Operations threatened Canada's sovereignty in 2 world wars. German submarines (Unterseeboote) first laid mines off Halifax and attacked shipping in Aug 1918, and virtually unopposed by the unprepared naval service they sank 11 schooners and a trawler for a total of 2002 gross tons.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c7f24305-f3af-40d0-b2e0-880f5a6e18b3.jpg U-boat Operations

  • Article

    UFOs in Canada

    For 45 years, the Canadian government investigated unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Several of its departments and agencies collected sighting reports of UFOs in Canadian airspace from 1950 to 1995. These investigations started during the Cold War, spurred by fears of Soviet incursions. What began as a military question eventually became a scientific one. From the start, however, the government was reluctant to study this topic. It devoted few resources to it, believing UFOs to be natural phenomena or the products of “delusional” minds. By contrast, many Canadian citizens were eager for information about UFOs. Citizens started their own investigations and petitioned the government for action. In 1995, due to budget cuts, the government stopped collecting reports altogether. For their part, citizen enthusiasts have continued to investigate UFOs.

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  • Article

    Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces

    On 1 February 1968, the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act (Bill C-243) came into effect, and the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force ceased to exist as separate entities. The three previously separate armed services were combined into a unified Canadian Armed Forces. Liberal Minister of Defence Paul Hellyer drove the change. Its merits were widely debated before and after the Act came into effect. By 2014, many of the changes introduced by unification had been reversed. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/CAF/canadian-forces-badge-600.png Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces

  • Article

    USS Chesapeake

     During the NAPOLEONIC WARS, Britain insisted on the right to search neutral ships on the high seas for Royal Navy deserters. On 22 June 1807 HMS Leopard forcibly took 4 seamen from the American frigate Chesapeake.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 USS Chesapeake

  • Editorial

    Vancouver Feature: Japanese-Canadians Held at Hastings Park

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. For a century the Pacific National Exhibition has entertained families each summer with a mix of hair-raising Midway rides, live music and agricultural exhibits. But in 1942 the fun fair was a prison camp for thousands of displaced Japanese-Canadians

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/0bec6156-0467-4a97-909f-da599383381d.jpg Vancouver Feature: Japanese-Canadians Held at Hastings Park

  • Article

    Veronica Foster

    Veronica Foster Guerrette, Second World War icon, model, vocalist (born 2 January 1922 in Montreal, Quebec; died 4 May 2000 in Toronto, Ontario). Foster worked for the John Inglis Company assembling Bren light machine guns during the Second World War. She was featured on propaganda posters that encouraged women to serve Canada by working in munitions factories. Foster became a Canadian icon representing female workers in the manufacturing industry. After the war, she was lead singer with the dance band Mart Kenney and His Western Gentlemen.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/VeronicaFoster/Veronica Foster_Bren Gun.jpg Veronica Foster

  • Article

    Second World War Veterans

    When the Second World War ended, more than a million Canadian men and women, serving in uniform, were set to return to their homes. A driving question for the country was: What was owed to the veterans?

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/5400b0fb-f0c7-418f-b2ae-ea899466560f.jpg Second World War Veterans