Nature & Geography | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Geological Survey of Canada

    The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) is Canada's national agency for geoscientific information and research. It studies and reports on Canada’s geology, natural geological hazards, and the development of natural resources. Established in 1842 primarily to promote the mining industry, it is one of the country’s oldest scientific organizations. Throughout its history, the Survey has produced some of the most comprehensive and detailed maps of the Canadian landscape, and published several important reports on its ecology and natural history.

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  • Article

    Geology

    Earth is 70.8% covered by water, but only with the development of sonar techniques has it become possible to describe the solid earth below the oceans. With increasingly sophisticated satellite observations, relatively fine structural details (eg, areas of volcanic activity) can be seen.

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    Geomorphology

    Geomorphology is related to GEOLOGY because of the importance of long timescales, tectonic deformation of Earth's crust (seePLATE TECTONICS), and rock and sediment properties; and to physical geography through its association with CLIMATE, BIOGEOGRAPHY, SOIL SCIENCE, and HYDROLOGY.

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  • Article

    Geranium

    Geranium, annual, biennial or perennial plant of genus Geranium, family Geraniaceae, with opposite, palmate and often divided leaves.

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    Ginseng

    Ginseng is a herbaceous perennial plant of genus Panax, ginseng family (Araliaceae), discovered in North America by Joseph-François Lafitau. 

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  • Article

    Glaciers in Canada

    A glacier is a large mass of ice, formed at least in part on land, that shows evidence of present or past movement. It is formed by the compaction and recrystallization of snow into ice crystals and commonly also contains air, water and rock debris. With approximately 200,000 km2 of glacier coverage in the Arctic and the West, Canada is home to a significant percentage of the world’s glaciers. By 2100, however, scientists predict that those in Alberta and British Columbia will have lost 70 per cent of their 2005 volume due to climate change.

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  • Article

    Gold

    Gold (Au) is a bright, shiny, yellow metal, notable for its high density (19.3 times the weight of an equal volume of water) and valued for its extreme ductility, strong resistance to corrosion, lustrous beauty and scarcity.

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    Goldenrod

    Goldenrod, genus Solidago, showy, perennial, herbaceous plant of the Compositae or Asteraceae family.

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    Goldeye

    The goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) [Lat alosoides, "shadlike"] is a relatively small, opportunistic foraging freshwater fish of the family Hiodontidae (order Osteoglossiformes). 

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    Goose

    The goose is a member of a widespread group of waterfowl ranging in size from the giant Canada goose to the diminutive cackling goose.

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  • Article

    Grape

    Grape is the common name of the genus Vitis in the plant family Vitaceae.

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  • Article

    Graphite

    Natural graphite appears to have been created through the decomposition of organic material contained in LIMESTONE during metamorphism. The 3 main types of natural graphite are microcrystalline (known commercially as amorphous), crystalline flake and lump graphite.

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  • Article

    Grasses

    Emergence of GrasslandsGrasslands began to appear about 25 million years ago, changing the face of much of the world and providing food for grazing animals. Grasses and grazers evolved together. Grasses benefit because grazers control the growth of competing species and provide fertilizers.

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  • Article

    Grasshopper

    Grasshopper is the common name for straight-winged insects which, together with locusts, make up the order Orthoptera.

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  • Article

    Gray Treefrog

    The gray treefrog (Dryophytes versicolor, synonym Hyla versicolor) is a small to medium-sized treefrog native to Central and Northeastern North America. In Canada, they are found in New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and a small part of Eastern Saskatchewan. Gray treefrogs are well camouflaged; the scientific name versicolor means “changing colour” and refers to the frog’s ability to make their skin lighter or darker. Gray treefrogs have one of the loudest calls of any North American frog.

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