Nature & Geography | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Slug

    Slug is a common name for several terrestrial pulmonate and numerous marine gilled species of gastropod molluscs conspicuous by the lack of an exposed shell.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/51c710f6-6973-4da3-8a4a-d48caed18d86.jpg Slug

  • Article

    Smelt

    Smelt (Osmeridae), family of small, iridescent fishes of class Osteichthyes, found in coastal seas, streams and lakes of the northern hemisphere. 

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  • Article

    Snail

    Snail, common name for members of several groups of gastropod molluscs. Snails inhabit all moist habitats, but most forms are marine.

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  • Article

    Snake Species in Canada

    A snake is a long, slender reptile of the suborder Serpentes, within the order Squamata (which also includes lizards). There are 25 species of snake currently found in Canada. In addition, one species, the timber rattlesnake, and one subspecies, the Pacific gophersnake, are extirpated. This means that, while they continue to live in other parts of their range, they are no longer found in Canada. Snake species in Canada belong to one of three taxonomic families: Boidae, Viperidae or Colubridae. Most species live in the southern part of the country; however, the common gartersnake can be found as far north as the 60th parallel, near Fort Smith, Northwest Territories.

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  • Article

    Snipe

    Snipe is the name given to 19 species of small to medium-sized shorebirds (254-406 mm) of the sandpiper family.

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    Snow

    The size of a snowflake is related to how far the snowflake has fallen from the sky and to how well colliding snow crystals stick to each other. The largest snowflakes are usually observed near 0° C because of the increased forces of adhesion at these temperatures.

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    Soapstone

    Soapstone's use dates back to antiquity: early Egyptians carved it into scarabs and seals; in China and India it was used for ornaments, implements and domestic utensils. It was similarly used at various times over the past 7,500 years by First Nations, Inuit and Norse in Canada (see Inuit Art).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/a7e8e79a-3e33-47b9-bf7f-900de027e572.jpg Soapstone

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    Soil

    Soil is the thin, fragile surface layer of Earth. It is a dynamic, loose and porous body of variable thickness (between a few centimetres and a few metres). Soil is formed by continuous transformations of rock or deposit through physical, chemical and biological processes. It is one of the two main components of Earth — the other being oceans — in which life is particularly active. Soil is the source and site of many human activities, and human life greatly depends on it. In Canada, agricultural, environmental and natural-resource scientists are at the forefront of research on soil. 

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    Soil Classification

    Classification involves arranging individual units with similar characteristics into groups. Soils do not occur as discrete entities; thus the unit of measurement for soil is not obvious.

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    Soil Conservation

    Soil conservation is a combination of all methods of management and land use that safeguard the soil against depletion or deterioration by natural or human-induced factors. 

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    Soil Science

    Soil science is the science that deals with soils as a natural resource. Studies focus on soil formation, classification and mapping, and the physical, chemical and biological properties and fertility of soils as such and in relation to their management for crop production.

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    Solar and Lunar Eclipses in Canada

    An eclipse occurs when two celestial bodies are aligned so that one blocks the sun’s light from reaching the other. While eclipses can take place on different planets like Jupiter and Neptune, on Earth most eclipses are either solar or lunar eclipses. During a solar eclipse, the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun, casting a shadow on a portion of the Earth. During a lunar eclipse, the opposite occurs, and the Earth blocks the sun’s light from reaching the moon. Lunar eclipses can be observed with the naked eye. However, looking directly at the sun during a solar eclipse can cause permanent eye damage. Proper eye protection is required to safely observe a solar eclipse.

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    Solar Energy

    The energy contained in sunlight is the source of life on Earth. Humans can harness it to generate power for our activities without producing harmful pollutants. There are many methods of converting solar energy into more readily usable forms of energy such as heat or electricity. The technologies we use to convert solar energy have a relatively small impact on the environment. However, they each have disadvantages that have kept them from being widely adopted. In Canada, the use of solar energy to generate electricity and heat is growing quickly and is helping reduce pollution related to energy production. Despite Canada’s cold climate and high latitudes (which get less direct sunlight than mid-latitudes), solar power technologies are used in many places, from household rooftops to large power plants. The Canada Energy Regulator (formerly the National Energy Board) expects solar power to make up 3 per cent of Canada’s total electricity generation capacity by 2040.

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  • Article

    Solomon's Seal

    Solomon's seal (genus Polygonatum) is a herbaceous plant of lily family (Liliaceae). About 50 species occur in the Northern Hemisphere.

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    Soybean

    Soybean (Glycine max) is a herbaceous annual belonging to the legume family, grown as an oilseed crop in Canada.

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