Browse "Arts & Culture"

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Children’s Books About Residential Schools in Canada

Church-run schools for Indigenous children were created in Canada in the 1600s. In 1883, the Canadian government funded and helped establish more church-run schools. The goal was to assimilate Indigenous children into the dominant white, Christian society. By the time the last residential school closed in 1996, more than 150,000 First Nation, Métis and Inuit children had been forced to attend against their will and the wishes of their parents. Many children were physically, emotionally and sexually abused at the schools. Thousands died. The multigenerational social and psychological effects of the schools have been devastating and ongoing. The federal government and churches have apologized for what is now widely considered a form of genocide. (See also Genocide and Indigenous Peoples in Canada.) Knowledge of what happened at the schools is an essential part of reconciliation and healing. Many children’s books have been written about residential schools as part of that essential effort. This list includes titles for toddlers to preteens. Together, these books explore a variety of themes related to residential schools, including intergenerational trauma, language revitalization, commemoration and the power of resistance.
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Chilliwack (band)

The Vancouver rock band Chilliwack produced some of the most enduring Canadian rock songs of the 1970s and early 1980s, including “Lonesome Mary,” “Fly at Night” and “My Girl (Gone Gone Gone).” Their catchy, easygoing hooks and bright, melodic style were distinguished by the soaring falsetto and tasteful guitar playing of lead singer and principal songwriter Bill Henderson. In 18 years (1970–88), Chilliwack released 11 albums, four of which were certified platinum in Canada. They also had 19 Canadian singles. The band moved in an increasingly commercial direction from psychedelic, progressive and country rock to adult contemporary and pop rock. Chilliwack was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 2019 and Canada’s Walk of Fame in 2023.
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Choeur Kattialine

Choeur Kattialine. Choir founded in 1962 in Montreal by its conductor, Jean-François Sénart. Made up of some 30 young amateurs, it made its name in a repertoire of Renaissance madrigals and motets and of folksongs of all countries. The name Kattialine is the Basque equivalent of Catherine.
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Choeur Pie X

Choeur Pie X. Founded in Montreal in 1936 by its first director, Éthelbert Thibault, and Eugène Lapierre. It was the regular choir on the CKAC radio program 'L'Heure catholique,' but was disbanded after less than two years.
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Choeur V'là l'bon vent

Choeur V'là l'bon vent. Founded in Quebec City in 1958 by Gilles Julien, president, and François Provencher, music director 1958-73. Diane Lapierre became conductor and music director in 1973. In 1960 the choir became affiliated with the French choral movement À Coeur Joie.
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Choirs Ontario

Choirs Ontario (previously known as the Ontario Choral Federation). Organization established in 1971 to promote choral activities in Ontario, with an elected voluntary board, a paid executive secretary, and offices in Toronto.
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Chor Leoni Men's Choir

Vancouver's Chor Leoni Men's Choir and Diane Loomer, C.M., artistic director, in front of the Vancouver Art Gallery (photo by William Ting).\r\nChor Leoni Men's Choir Chor Leoni Men's Choir. Vancouver-based amateur choir of 54 voices, formed in 1992 by director Diane Loomer. Initially 20 voices, Chor Leoni Men's Choir made its debut in Nov 1992 and in 1993 initiated a popular four-concert series for spring, summer, Remembrance Day and Christmas. Concerts, often repeated to accommodate...
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Choral Singing and Choirs

Canada's choirs have contributed significantly to religious, educational, and concert activities within the country, and some have earned high reputations abroad. Choral singing in Canada became immensely popular in the second half of the 19th century, reached its first peak -- unsurpassed, certainly, in the quantity of choristers relative to the total population -- in the years preceding the First World War, and entered a new period of vigour and expansion after the middle of the 20th century.
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Chorale de l'Université de Moncton

Chorale de l'Université de Moncton 1963-87 (Chorale de l'Université Saint-Joseph, 1946-63). Male choir founded by Father Léandre Brault in 1946 in Memramcook, NB, with the aim of developing interest in Gregorian chant.
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Chris Gage

Chris (b Giesinger, Christian) Gage. Pianist, organist, b Regina 12 Dec 1927, d North Vancouver 27 Dec 1964.
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Chris Hadfield

Chris Austin Hadfield, OC, OOnt, astronaut, military test pilot (born 29 August 1959 in Sarnia, ON). After a distinguished career as a test pilot, Hadfield became an astronaut in 1992. Over the course of his career, he achieved a series of Canadian firsts: he was the first Canadian to be a space mission specialist, to operate the Canadarm in orbit, to do a spacewalk and to command the International Space Station. He was also the first to record a music video in space — a cover of David Bowie’s “Space Oddity” — adding to his celebrity status. Hadfield retired from the Canadian Astronaut Corps in July 2013. In 2014, he began teaching in the University of Waterloo’s aviation program.
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Chris Landreth

Christopher Landreth, animator, writer, producer (b at Hartford, CT 4 Aug 1961). Chris Landreth, Canada's most talented computer-animation artist, received a Master's degree in theoretical and applied mechanics from the University of Illinois (1986).
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Chris Nielsen

Chris Nielsen. Singer, administrator, b Aalborg, Denmark, 2 April 1955, naturalized Canadian 1975.
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Chris Paul Harman

Chris Paul Harman. Composer, born Toronto 19 Nov 1970. In Toronto, Chris Paul Harman studied classical guitar with Barton Wigg, cello with Alan Stellings, and electroacoustic music with Wes Wraggett.
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Christi Belcourt

Christi Belcourt, CM, Métis visual artist, activist, author (born 24 September 1966, in Scarborough, ON). Though born in Ontario, Belcourt is from the Métis community manitow sâkahikan (Lac Ste Anne), Alberta. The vibrant colours and themes of her art reflect the interconnectedness of nature and human beings. Her art speaks to the struggle for Indigenous identity and sovereignty. Belcourt’s activism focuses on Indigenous issues related to justice, education and meaningful reconciliation. ( See also Contemporary Indigenous Art in Canada and Important Indigenous Artists in Canada.)
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