Military | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Somalia Affair

    In 1992–93, Canada contributed military forces to UNITAF, a United Nations–backed humanitarian mission in the African nation of Somalia. In 1993, Canadian soldiers from the now-defunct Airborne Regiment tortured and killed a Somali teenager named Shidane Arone. These and other violent abuses during the mission shocked Canadians and damaged the country’s international reputation. They also led to a public inquiry that revealed serious failures of leadership at the highest levels of the Canadian Armed Forces, kick-starting reforms aimed a professionalizing the officer corps. This article contains sensitive material that may not be suitable for all audiences.

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  • Macleans

    Somalia Affair: Chronology

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on April 15, 1996. Partner content is not updated. What began as a humanitarian mission quickly unravelled into one of the darkest chapters in Canadian military history (see Somalia Affair).

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Somalia Affair: Chronology

  • Macleans

    Somalia Inquiry's Damning Report

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on July 14, 1997. Partner content is not updated. Hindsight is a wonderful thing. If only Prime Minister Brian Mulroney had not jumped at U.S. President George Bush’s request to send Canadian troops to Somalia in 1992.

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  • Article

    Spanish-American War

    Spanish-American War, the 1898 conflict between the US and Spain, during which the US removed Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines from Spain, annexing the last 3.

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  • Article

    St Albans Raid

    In the third year of the American Civil War, around 20 Confederate agents raided the town of St. Albans, Vermont. The raid was planned by Confederate spymasters based in St. Catharines and Montreal. On 19 October 1864, the men robbed the town’s three banks and killed a man, before crossing the border into Canada. Fourteen of the raiders were soon arrested. They were brought to trial three times and released each time by Canadian judges. The raid and court decisions worsened relations between Canada and the US, which were already strained.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Capt-Young.jpg St Albans Raid

  • Article

    St Laurent-class Destroyer Escorts

    The St Laurents were developed in the early Cold War as a high-speed, long-range antisubmarine frigate to counter the growing Soviet conventional submarine threat. They were the first major warship class designed and built in Canada and incorporated many ground-breaking features, earning them the nickname, the “Cadillacs.” Seven St. Laurents were built. The success of the design inspired a succession of follow-on classes: the Restigouche, Mackenzie and Annapolis classes. A total of 20 ships — all named after Canadian rivers — were built around the same hull configuration and propulsion plant. These iconic ships were the mainstay of the Canadian fleet from 1955 to 1995, including most of the Cold War.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/StLaurents/TCE St Laurent.jpg St Laurent-class Destroyer Escorts

  • Article

    Steele Narrows Battle

    Steele Narrows Battle, at Loon Lake, 95 km north-east of Lloydminster, scene of the last shots fired in the North-West Resistance on 3 June 1885.

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  • Article

    The Great War in the Air

    Airplanes became an important part of modern warfare during the First World War (1914–18). Aircraft technology developed rapidly and by war’s end, airplanes were involved in reconnaissance, artillery spotting, air-to-air combat, strafing ground targets, anti-submarine warfare, tactical and strategic bombing and home defence. More than 20,000 Canadians served in British flying services (Royal Flying Corps, Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Air Force) during the war. Approximately 1,400 were killed or died from wounds or accidents. Canada did not have an air force during the First World War; a single-plane Canadian Aviation Corps was established in 1914, but never saw service and soon disbanded. Later, on 5 August 1918, two Canadian Air Force squadrons were formed in Britain, but were disbanded the next year when the British cut off funding. The Royal Canadian Naval Air Service was formed in September 1918 but lasted only three months before the war ended. Canada would not have a permanent air force until 1924 (see Royal Canadian Air Force).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f864cf51-65b5-4803-85a1-a7908ffdc0aa.jpg The Great War in the Air

  • Article

    The Army Show

    The Army Show. At first a musical revue produced during World War II for the Canadian army, and later the operational name for entertainment units serving with the army.

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  • Article

    The Battle of Ogdensburg

     Prescott, located 112 kilometres downriver from Kingston, was an important transhipment point where merchantmen exchanged cargo with the bateaux from Montréal. Ogdensburg, New York, lay on the opposite shore.

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  • Article

    The Bully Boys

    Eric Walters’s The Bully Boys (2000) is a work of historical fiction for young adults. It follows Tom Roberts, a young farm boy who aids and observes Lieutenant James FitzGibbon and his mercenary soldiers during the War of 1812.

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  • Article

    The Burning of Washington

    In the final summer of the War of 1812, British presence in the Chesapeake region was strengthened in an effort to divert the American forces from the frontiers of Upper and Lower Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/07db67ae-df36-4c64-b774-750df91b2db9.jpg The Burning of Washington

  • Article

    The Canadian Great War Soldier

    Canada, as part of the British Empire, found itself at war on 4 August 1914. Yet Canadians would decide the extent of their commitment to the war. With no air force, a puny navy, and a professional army of a mere 3,100 men, the soon-to-be Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) would consist of citizen soldiers from across the Dominion.

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  • Editorial

    The Canadian Peacekeeping Tradition

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    The Canadian War Museum: Exploring Canada's Military History

    The Canadian War Museum, whose roots travel back to 1880, was the first national history museum, but it was also one of the most neglected of federal institutions. Its usual fate was pedestrian quarters, meagre financial resources, and a miniscule staff.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/964b41f7-a913-4186-8d4f-5950cf48ea1b.jpg The Canadian War Museum: Exploring Canada's Military History