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  • Article

    Constitutional Act, 1791

    The Constitutional Act, 1791 was an act of the British Parliament. Also known as the Canada Act, it divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. The Act was a first step on the long path to Confederation, but its rigid colonial structures also set the stage for rebellion in the Canadas. (See Rebellions of 1837–38.) The Act was also notable for giving women who owned property in Lower Canada the right to vote — a high level of inclusion by the standards of the time.

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  • Article

    Constitutional Act 1791 Document

    Constitutional Act, 1791: DocumentSelected text of the Constitutional Act, 1791: an amendment of the Quebec Act designed to apply the British constitution as nearly as possible to colonial conditions without affecting the guaranteed rights of French Canadians. Note should be taken of the failure to define the role of the Executive Council and the ambiguity of the provisions for the Clergy Reserves. (What was meant by a "Protestant" clergy?) These flaws in the Act paved...

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  • Article

    Constitutional Act, 1791 (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Constitutional Act, 1791 was an act of the British Parliament. It was also known as the Canada Act. It divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. The Act was a first step on the long path to Confederation. It also gave women who owned property in Lower Canada the right to vote. But its rigid colonial structures set the stage for the Rebellions of 1837–38. This article is a plain-language summary of the Constitutional Act, 1791. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Constitutional Act, 1791.

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  • Article

    Constitutional History of Canada

    The Constitution of Canada is the country’s governing legal framework. It defines the powers of the executive branches of government and of the legislatures at both the federal and provincial levels. Canada’s Constitution is not one legal document. It is a complex mix of statutes, orders, British and Canadian court decisions, and generally accepted practices known as constitutional conventions. The Constitution has been in constant evolution from colonial times to the present day. The story of the Constitution is the story of Canada itself. It reflects the shifting legal, social and political pressures facing Canadians, as well as their choices as a society.

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  • Article

    Constitutional Law

    Constitutional law is a branch of public law, the body of rules regulating the functioning of the state. At its heart is the Constitution—the supreme law of Canada—which comprises written, statutory rules, plus rules of the common law (a living body of law that evolves over time through decisions of the courts), and also conventions derived from British constitutional history. The conventions themselves are recognized by the courts but are not, strictly speaking, part of constitutional law.

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  • Article

    Constitutional Monarchy (Plain-Language Summary)

    Canada’s system of government is called a constitutional monarchy. A monarch is a person from a ruling family who serves as king or queen of their country. In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has unchecked power. In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch must follow the laws of the Constitution. Constitutional monarchs do not directly rule their nation. Instead, they serve as figureheads. Their purpose is more ceremonial. Canada’s monarch, King Charles III, is the head of state. But the prime minister is the head of government. This article is a plain-language summary of constitutional monarchy. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Constitutional Monarchy.

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  • Article

    Construction Industry

    Construction is one of Canada’s largest and most important industries. From houses to skyscrapers, schools, hospitals, factories and shopping centres, construction also involves a wide variety of engineering projects including highways, nuclear power stations, dams, dredging, petrochemical plants and pipelines. 

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  • Article

    Consumer and Corporate Affairs

    The Department of Consumer and Corporate Affairs was established in 1967 to bring together under one minister the administering of federal policies regulating the marketplace.

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  • Article

    Consumer Credit

    Canadian consumers obtain consumer credit whenever they purchase goods or services on account, or whenever they borrow funds to finance purchases already made. The most common type of consumer credit arrangements involve cash loans, usually to finance retail purchases on instalments.

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  • Article

    Consumer Law

    The branch of law concerned with the supply of goods and services in the most comprehensive sense for the personal use or consumption of individuals and their families is called consumer law.

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  • Article

    Consumer Price Index

    Consumer Price Index, a monthly measure of changes in the retail prices of goods and services purchased by Canadians in communities of 30 000 or more across the country.

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  • Article

    Consumer Standards

    Consumer standards are documents describing acceptable characteristics or usage for products, materials and services used by individual consumers. They may specify dimensional, performance or safety requirements for household products.

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  • Article

    Consumers' Association of Canada

    The Consumers' Association of Canada (CAC) is a voluntary, nonsectarian, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization known until 1962 as the Canadian Association of Consumers.

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  • Article

    Contemporary Acadia

    Contemporary Acadia is best known through the voices and images of its artists and festivals, although a significant francophone population living in the Atlantic Canada region identifies itself with this historic and cultural community and is striving to transform it into a modern society (see Acadian Culture). 

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  • Article

    Contemporary Medicine

    The years since 1939 have seen great changes in Canadian medicine.

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