Leader of the Opposition

In Canada, the leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest political party sitting in opposition to the federal government. In other words, it is the party with the second most seats in the House of Commons. The formal title is “Leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition.” This title reflects the Westminster system of government found in many Commonwealth countries whose political roots can be traced to the United Kingdom. It also emphasizes that the opposition remains loyal to the government even while opposing it. The current leader of the Opposition is Pierre Poilievre, leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.

Historical Background and Qualification

The leader of the Opposition was first recognized by statute in 1905 and given the same salary and allowances as cabinet ministers. To become the leader of the Opposition, a person must be a Member of Parliament (MP) and hold a seat in the House of Commons. If the party leader, usually elected at a national leadership convention, does not have a seat, the party house leader temporarily substitutes for the leader.

Function

The leader of the Opposition is a parliamentarian hoping to become prime minster. They are the leading critic of government programs and policies. He or she directs the party in Parliament and appoints leading members of the party caucus as “shadow ministers” to monitor the work of the cabinet ministries. He or she is usually consulted by the prime minister on the appointment of the Speaker and sometimes on the appointment of the governor general.

If the government is defeated in the Commons, the leader of the Opposition may be asked to form a government if the prime minister chooses to resign rather than request a dissolution. Provincial legislatures have leaders of the Opposition with similar responsibilities. (See also Members of Provincial and Territorial Legislatures.)

Stornoway is the official residence of the federal leader of the Opposition.