Browse "History/Historical Figures"

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Article

Joseph-François Hertel de La Fresnière

Joseph-François Hertel de La Fresnière, soldier (bap at Trois-Rivières, New France 3 July 1642; buried at Boucherville, New France 22 May 1722). As a youth, he was captured and adopted by the Iroquois (1661), escaped, and took part in retaliatory raids, accompanying FRONTENAC to Lake Ontario (1673).
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Article

Joseph-François Lafitau

Joseph-François Lafitau, priest, Jesuit missionary, legal philosopher (b at Bordeaux, France 1681; d there 3 July 1746).
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Article

Joseph Howe

Joseph Howe, journalist, publisher, politician, premier of Nova Scotia, lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia (born 13 December 1804 in Halifax, NS; died 1 June 1873 in Halifax, NS). Howe was well-known in his time as an ardent defender of freedom of the press and freedom of speech, and was also a champion of responsible government. He was a prominent figure in the movement opposed to Confederation, yet later, as a federal Cabinet minister, played an important role in securing Manitoba’s entry to Confederation.
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Editorial

Joseph Howe Acquitted of Libel

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. 1 January 1835 turned out to be memorable both for Joseph Howe and for Nova Scotia. On that day Howe's newspaper, the Novascotian, published a letter accusing the magistrates and police of taking £30,000 in illegal payments "from the pockets of the poor and distressed."
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Article

Joseph Lewis

Joseph Lewis, alias Levi Johnston, also Lewes and Louis, fur trader (born c. 1772–73 in Manchester, New Hampshire; died 1820 in Saskatchewan District). Joseph Lewis was a Black fur trader, originally from the United States, who participated in the fur industry’s early expansion into the Canadian Northwest in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is one of very few Black people involved in the fur trade whose name was documented in existing texts. Joseph Lewis is further notable for being the first Black person in present-day Saskatchewan, as well as, in all likelihood, Alberta.
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Article

Joshua Mauger

Joshua Mauger, colonial entrepreneur, sea captain, politician (baptized 25 April 1725 in the parish of St. John, Jersey; died 18 October 1788 at Warborne, near Lymington, England). Mauger was one of Nova Scotia’s wealthiest and most influential merchants in the 18th century. Although he only spent 11 years in the colony, he exerted significant power in its business and politics for two decades after. His complex involvement with Nova Scotia underscores the bonds of subservience and influence that hindered the colony’s early development. Mauger also enslaved Black people and built a significant portion of his business empire on the labour of enslaved people.
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Article

Josué Dubois Berthelot de Beaucours

Josué Dubois Berthelot de Beaucours, military officer, engineer, governor of Trois-Rivières and Montréal (b in France c 1662; d at Montréal 9 May 1750).
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Article

Juan de Fuca

Juan de Fuca, pilot, apocryphal explorer of the Northwest Coast (born in Valeriano, Cephalonia Island, Greece; died in Valeriano c. 1602).
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Article

Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra

In 1792 he took charge at the Nootka post and negotiated with Captain George VANCOUVER over implementation of the 1790 Nootka Convention. Bodega y Quadra was polite but firm in defending Spanish sovereignty. He returned to Mexico in 1793, where he died suddenly.
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Article

Juan Josef Pérez Hernández

Juan Josef Pérez Hernández, naval officer, explorer (b c 1725 at Majorca, Spain; d 2 Nov 1775 off California). Pérez served as a pilot and marine officer in Spain's Pacific trade between Mexico and the
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Article

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is a board of the British Privy Council. It was formed in 1833. In 1844, it was given jurisdiction over all of Britain’s colonial courts. People who had been judges in high courts in Britain served on the Judicial Committee, along with a sprinkling of judges from the Commonwealth. Their decisions were often criticized for favouring provincial powers over federal authority, especially in fields such as trade and commerce. The Judicial Committee served as the court of final appeal for Canada until 1949, when that role was given to the Supreme Court of Canada.
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Article

Julia Catherine Hart

Julia Catherine Hart, née Beckwith (b at Fredericton 10 Mar 1796; d there 28 Nov 1867). Hart wrote the first work of fiction by a native-born Canadian to be published in Canada.
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Article

Karlsefni

Thorfinn Karlsefni (Old Norse Þórfinnr Karlsefni), explorer and trader (born c. 980–95 CE in Iceland; year of death unknown). Born Thorfinn Thordarson, this Icelandic aristocrat and wealthy merchant ship owner led one of the Norse expeditions to Vinland, located in what is now Atlantic Canada. He is usually referred to by his nickname, Karlsefni, meaning “the makings of a man.” Karlsefni appears in several historical sources. A long passage in The Saga of the Greenlanders is devoted to him, and he is the chief subject of The Saga of Erik the Red. There are also short accounts in the Old Norse manuscripts known as the Arni Magnusson codex 770b and Vellum codex No. 192.
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Article

Katherine Ryan (Klondike Kate)

Katherine “Kate” Ryan (aka Klondike Kate), NWMP special constable, restaurateur, nurse (born 20 August 1869 in Johnville, NB; died 20 February 1932 in Vancouver, BC). Katherine Ryan earned the nickname ‘Klondike Kate’ for her escapades in Yukon beginning during the Klondike Gold Rush. On her journey to the Klondike and while settled in Whitehorse, Ryan made a name for herself by establishing several restaurants. She was one of the first women hired by the North-West Mounted Police. Ryan was first hired by the force’s Whitehorse division in 1900 to assist with female prisoners. Later, she was appointed as an inspector to search for smuggled gold.
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Article

Kondiaronk

Kondiaronk, Tionontati chief (born circa 1649; died 2 August 1701 in Montreal, QC). He has been known by several names throughout history, including Gaspar Soiaga, Souoias, Sastaretsi, and Le Rat (the Rat). Kondiaronk was one of the main brokers of the Great Peace of Montreal, signed in 1701. This peace agreement between the French and Haudenosaunee brought to an end almost a century of hostilities marked by atrocities on both sides. (See also Indigenous-French Relations in Canada.)
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