Browse "Health scientists"

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Archibald Byron Macallum

Archibald Byron Macallum, biochemist, physiologist, educator (b at Belmont, Canada W 7 Apr 1858; d at London, Ont 5 Apr 1934).
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Armand Frappier

Armand Frappier, CC, physician, microbiologist (born 26 November 1904 in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, QC; died 17 December 1991 in Montréal, QC). Armand Frappier was a key figure in the fight against tuberculosis in Canada; he both produced the BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine and advocated widespread vaccinations across the country. As founder and director of the Institut de microbiologie et d'hygiène de Montréal, he advanced medical research into infectious diseases and played an important role in the development of public health. (See also INRS-Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Research Centre.) He and his team produced a number of vaccines and other biological products (e.g., the anti-polio Salk vaccine, penicillin) and were responsible for freeze-drying blood serum for the armed forces during the Second World War. (See also Canada and the Development of the Polio Vaccine).
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Arthur Aaron Axelrad

Arthur Aaron Axelrad, histologist (born 30 December 1923 in Montréal, QC; died 17 April 2015 in Toronto, ON).
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Aser Rothstein

Aser Rothstein, physiologist (born 29 April 1918 in Vancouver, BC; died 4 July 2015 in Guelph, ON). He contributed enormously to the fields of cellular physiology and toxicology.
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Brenda Milner

Brenda Atkinson Milner (née Langford), CC, GOQ, FRSC, FRS, neuropsychologist (born 15 July 1918 in Manchester, England). Dr. Milner pioneered the field of neuropsychology, combining neurology and psychology. Most notably, she discovered that the part of the brain called the medial temporal lobe (which includes the hippocampus) is critical for the forming of long-term memories. Milner’s later work revealed that the learning of skills involving the combination of vision and movement is not part of the medial temporal lobe system. These discoveries proved that there are different forms of memory in different brain regions. Through her observation of patients, Milner changed forever our understanding of the brain’s learning and memory mechanisms. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.
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Canada During COVID-19

Countries, communities, and individuals around the world are grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic. How will historians remember this time in history? Canada During COVID-19: A Living Archive is meant to capture the experiences of everyday Canadians as they live through this challenging time.
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is the major federal agency responsible for funding health research in Canada.
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Canadian Lipid Nanoparticle Research: The Key to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

COVID-19 vaccines were the first vaccines to be developed, tested, produced and delivered amid a global pandemic (see Covid-19 Pandemic in Canada). As the typical vaccine development, testing and regulatory approval process can take anywhere from 10 to 15 years, several distinctive strategies, coupled with previous research work in key areas, combined to expedite the approval of COVID-19 vaccines, especially messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines. Among the most significant of this previous work was the research undertaken by the team of Pieter Cullis, Michael Hope and Thomas Madden at the University of British Columbia that began in the early 1980s. Their work, which focused on studying and developing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), as well as pioneering the technology to produce them, provided the key to making COVID-19 mRNA vaccines possible.
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Charles Alexander Mitchell

Charles Alexander Mitchell, scientist, veterinarian, medical historian (b at Clarksburg, Ont 9 Aug 1891; d at Ottawa 8 July 1979).
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Charles Herbert Best

Charles Herbert Best, physiologist, co-discoverer of insulin (born 27 Feb 1899 in West Pembroke, Maine; died 31 March 1978 in Toronto, ON). Best is perhaps best known for his role in the discovery of insulin, a treatment for diabetes mellitus. He was posthumously inducted into Canada’s Walk of Fame in 2021.
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David H. Hubel

David Hunter Hubel, FRS, Nobel Laureate, neurobiologist (born 27 February 1926 in Windsor, ON; died 22 September 2013 in Lincoln, Massachusetts). Dr. David Hubel advanced our understanding of how our eyes transmit and reconstitute the images we see moment by moment to our brains. He was a research scientist who used innovative craftsmanship to design and create the instruments and procedures he used to conduct studies on the visual cortex of the brain. His meticulous observations revolutionized cognitive neuroscience and his pioneering approach to the recording of individual neuronal cells propelled the field forward.
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Earle Willard McHenry

Earle Willard McHenry, "Mac," professor, scientist, author (b at Streetsville, Ont 25 Jan 1899; d at Toronto 20 Dec 1961).
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Edward A. Watson

Edward A. Watson, veterinarian, pathologist, researcher (b in Devon, Eng 2 Jan 1879; d at Victoria 12 Mar 1945). He came to Canada in 1896 and, with a brother, homesteaded in Saskatchewan.
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Edward William Archibald

Edward William Archibald, surgeon, scientist, educator (b at Montréal 5 Aug 1872; d there 17 Dec 1945).
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Ernest McCulloch

Ernest Armstrong McCulloch, OC, OOnt, FRS, FRSC, scientist, physician, researcher, teacher, administrator (born 27 April 1926 in Toronto, ON; died 20 January 2011 in Toronto, ON). McCulloch and James Till conducted pioneering research into stem cells during the 1960s and 1970s that inspired future developments in bone marrow transplants and other medical advances. (See also Stem Cell Research.)
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