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  • Article

    International Workers' Day (May Day) in Canada

    Recognized on the first day of May every year, International Workers’ Day, or May Day, commemorates the struggles of workers around the world through the labour movements and the political left. Although established in Canada since the beginning of the 20th century, this day is not deemed a statutory holiday, as opposed to Labour Day, celebrated on the first Monday in September.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/MayDay/3495633291_fbc5a004e3_z.jpg International Workers' Day (May Day) in Canada

  • Interview

    Interned in Canada: an Interview with Pat Adachi

    Pat Adachi was born and raised in Vancouver, the daughter of Japanese immigrants. She grew up in the heart of the city’s Little Tokyo neighbourhood, within walking distance of the local grounds where her father would take her on Sundays to watch her favourite baseball team, the Vancouver Asahi. Adachi and her family lived normal lives, until she and her community were uprooted in 1942, when the federal government ordered Japanese Canadians to internment camps in rural British Columbia (see Internment of Japanese Canadians). In this interview, Adachi shares her story and relates the experiences of the 22,000 Japanese Canadians who were interned in Canada during the Second World War. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Pat Adachi.jpg Interned in Canada: an Interview with Pat Adachi

  • Article

    Internment of Japanese Canadians

    The forcible expulsion and confinement of Japanese Canadians during the Second World War is one of the most tragic sets of events in Canada’s history. Some 21,000–22,000 Japanese Canadians were taken from their homes on Canada’s West Coast, without any charge or due process. Beginning 24 February 1942, they were exiled to remote areas of British Columbia and elsewhere. The federal government stripped them of their property and pressured many of them to accept mass deportation after the war. Those who remained were not allowed to return to the West Coast until 1 April 1949. In 1988, the federal government officially apologized for its treatment of Japanese Canadians. A redress payment of $21,000 was made to each survivor, and more than $12 million was allocated to a community fund and human rights projects. This article is the full-length text on Japanese Internment in Canada. For a plain-language summary, see Internment of Japanese Canadians (Plain-Language Summary).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/0bec6156-0467-4a97-909f-da599383381d.jpg Internment of Japanese Canadians

  • Article

    Inuit

    Inuit — Inuktitut for “the people” — are an Indigenous people, the majority of whom inhabit the northern regions of Canada. An Inuit person is known as an Inuk. The Inuit homeland is known as Inuit Nunangat, which refers to the land, water and ice contained in the Arctic region.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f34a93b3-60ab-47d0-879b-1d1e7460f199.jpg Inuit

  • Article

    Inuit Art

    The history of Inuit cultures and the art of the various regions and times can only be understood if the myth of a homogeneous Inuit culture is discarded altogether. Though it has not been possible to determine the exact origin(s) of the Inuit, nor of the various Inuit cultures, five distinct cultures have been established in the Canadian area: Pre-Dorset , Dorset , Thule, Historic and Contemporary.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/4d37de3c-41d6-48db-bf9f-070d0882d77d.jpg Inuit Art

  • Article

    Inuit Co-operatives

    Beginning in the mid-1950s, Inuit were encouraged to move into the trading posts to be near schools and medical services.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/57a518c7-0e95-4505-b0ca-fd75cda6b879.jpg Inuit Co-operatives

  • Macleans

    Inuit Culture All the Rage in France

    IN PARIS'S GRAND OLD Musée de l'Homme, near the Eiffel Tower, the flow of fascinated visitors these days is steady.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on February 14, 2005

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Inuit Culture All the Rage in France

  • Article

    Inuit Disc Numbers

    From 1941 to 1978, the Government of Canada issued personal identifying numbers to all Inuit, then referred to as Eskimos, in Canada’s Arctic. The Eskimo Identification system was implemented to identify and register individuals for administrative purposes, such as taking censuses. Each Inuk was given a small leather or pressed fibre disc with a number on it, referred to as their disc number. Ultimately, disc numbers were required for any government interaction, such as keeping track of hunting, trapping, medical services, education, housing, family allowance and getting food and supplies. The system was unique to the Inuit. No other Canadian was required to have a number to access basic services or monitor their actions.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/InuitDiscNumbersSINGLEUSE/Awareness_1upload.jpg Inuit Disc Numbers

  • Article

    Inuit Experiences at Residential School

    Residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools created to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. Schools in the North were run by missionaries for nearly a century before the federal government began to open new, so-called modern institutions in the 1950s. This was less than a decade after a Special Joint Committee (see Indigenous Suffrage) found that the system was ineffectual. The committee’s recommendations led to the eventual closure of residential schools across the country. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/InuitResidentialSchool/Inuit-Residenital-School (Library and Archives Canada_PA-042133).jpg Inuit Experiences at Residential School

  • Article

    Inuit Traditional Stories

    Inuit Traditional Stories are a repository of Inuit culture, passed down by Elders through generations to enrich and enlighten. Traditionally used in all aspects of daily life, Inuit Traditional Stories have undergone a resurgence in popularity as community groups aim to preserve traditional teachings as a method of cultural and political solidarity. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/5c7c7549-033e-4d6a-9abf-885528e19b0f.jpg Inuit Traditional Stories

  • Collection

    Inuit

    This collection explores Inuit culture, history and society through the use of exhibits, images, videos and articles. These sources also illustrate the importance of Arctic lands, animals and the environment to Inuit identity and life in the North. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/homepage_features/Inuit2.jpg Inuit

  • Article

    Inuit Printmaking

    While carving is a viable enterprise in most Inuit communities, printmaking requires special skills and sophisticated equipment to compete in an international market.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b8f059b1-3755-477f-a3c1-ba8420091091.jpg Inuit Printmaking

  • Article

    Inuit Vocal Games

    Inuit vocal games describe central Canadian Arctic practices that are both musical and ludic (spontaneous or playful). According to regional differences, these can be divided into several genres with different names.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/68cae00c-f728-459d-bb87-2162d08774fa.jpg Inuit Vocal Games

  • Article

    Inuit Words for Snow and Ice

    It is often said that the Inuit have dozens of words to refer to snow and ice. Ontarian anthropologist John Steckley (in White Lies about the Inuit, 2008) noted that according to popular belief, in Inuktitut, the language of the Inuit from Canada's Eastern Arctic, the number of words for "snow" generally contains the digit 2, and that the total most often cited is 52 different terms.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/564ff157-335a-409a-81af-13f050b3079a.jpg Inuit Words for Snow and Ice

  • Article

    Inuksuk (Inukshuk)

    Inuksuk (also spelled inukshuk, plural inuksuit) is a figure made of piled stones or boulders constructed to communicate with humans throughout the Arctic. Traditionally constructed by the Inuit, inuksuit are integral to Inuit culture and are often intertwined with representations of Canada and the North. A red inuksuk is found on the flag of Nunavut. In Inuktitut, the term inuksuk means "to act in the capacity of a human." It is an extension of the word inuk meaning "a human being." Inuksuit have been found close to archaeological sites dating from 2400 to 1800 BCE in the Mingo Lake region of southwest Baffin Island. (See also Prehistory.) While stone figures resembling human forms are often referred to as inuksuk, such figures are actually known as inunnguaq.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/fda0c3a3-c613-4196-ba0a-690925ca6c04.jpg Inuksuk (Inukshuk)