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  • Article

    Peace and Friendship Treaties

    Between 1725 and 1779, Britain signed a series of treaties with various Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), Abenaki, Penobscot and Passamaquoddy peoples living in parts of what are now the Maritimes and Gaspé region in Canada and the northeastern United States. Commonly known as the Peace and Friendship Treaties, these agreements were chiefly designed to prevent war between enemies and to facilitate trade. While these treaties contained no monetary or land transfer provisions, they guaranteed hunting, fishing and land-use rights for the descendants of the Indigenous signatories. The Peace and Friendship Treaties remain in effect today.

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  • Article

    Peaches

    ​Merrill Beth Nisker (a.k.a. Peaches), singer, songwriter, musician, performance artist, filmmaker (born 11 November 1968 in Toronto, ON).

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  • Article

    Peggie Sampson

    Peggie (b Margaret) Sampson.

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  • Article

    Peggy Baker

    Peggy Baker danced with the Lar Lubovitch Dance Company in New York (1981-88) and became one of its most acclaimed performers, latterly assisting Lubovitch as rehearsal director.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/1c2d1e7e-44cf-456d-a691-f3d111730e66.jpg Peggy Baker

  • Article

    Peggy Sharpe

    Peggy (Agnes) Sharpe. Pianist, teacher, administrator, b Brandon, Man, 26 Jul 1914; ATCM 1932, BA (McMaster ) 1935, diploma(Brandon) 1936, M MUS (Northwestern) 1963. Sharpe graduated from the TCM (RCMT) at age 17.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Peggy Sharpe

  • Article

    Pegi Nicol MacLeod

    In 1936, with Douglas DUNCAN, she helped found the Picture Loan Society. In 1937 she moved to New York but frequently visited Fredericton where she helped found (and taught at) the Observatory Art Centre.

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  • Article

    Peguis

    Peguis, Saulteaux chief (born c 1774 near Sault Ste Marie, ON; died 28 September 1864 at Red River, MB). Chief Peguis was a prominent leader of his people and is well known for signing treaty with Lord Selkirk that allowed European settlers to move into what is now southern Manitoba. Additionally, Peguis and his people aided the Selkirk settlers in moving to the newly formed colony.

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  • Article

    Pehr Kalm

    Pehr Kalm, botanist (b in Sweden 6 Mar 1716; d in Finland 16 Nov 1779). Kalm was educated in Finland and Sweden. He met the leading European naturalist, Linnaeus, in 1741, and under his influence became an expert on botanical applications to agriculture.

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  • Article

    Peleg Franklin Brownell

    Oil on canvas, 1922, by Franklin Brownell (courtesy National Gallery of Canada/Musée des Beaux-Arts du Canada, Ottawa).Peleg Franklin Brownell Peleg Franklin Brownell, painter, teacher (b at New Bedford, Mass 27 July 1857; d at Ottawa 13 Mar 1946). After studying at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, he went to Paris to study under Robert-Fleury, Bouguereau and Bonnat. In 1886 he became principal of the Ottawa Art School and subsequently headed the Woman's Art Association of...

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  • Article

    Penderecki String Quartet

    An early version of the group, first formed in Poland and then called the New Szymanowski Quartet, won a special prize at a 1986 competition in Lodz for its performance of Quartet No. 2 by Krysztof Penderecki. The composer, who served as one of the judges, invited the quartet to take his name.

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  • Article

    Pennefather Treaties

    In the summer of 1859, Superintendent General of the Indian Department Richard T. Pennefather signed three separate but essentially identical treaties with Batchewana First Nation (Treaty 91 [A]), Garden River First Nation (Treaty 91 [B]) and Thessalon First Nation (Treaty 91 [C]). The three treaties were part of a series of land surrenders that occurred after the 1850 Robinson Treaties. The Pennefather treaties opened additional acres for settlement and resource exploitation. (See also Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

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  • Article

    Penny Oleksiak

    Penelope “Penny” Oleksiak, swimmer (born 13 June 2000 in Scarborough, ON). Swimmer Penny Oleksiak is tied with Andre De Grasse as Canada’s most decorated Olympian, with seven medals overall. She also holds the record as the youngest Canadian to win Olympic gold (16 years and 59 days). In 2016, she became the first Canadian athlete to win four medals at a single Olympic Summer Games: gold in the 100 m freestyle; silver in the 100 m butterfly; bronze in the women’s 4x100 m freestyle relay; and bronze in the women’s 4x200 m freestyle relay. Oleksiak won three medals at the Tokyo Games in 2021: silver in the women’s 4x100 m freestyle relay; bronze in the women’s 200 m freestyle; and bronze in the women’s 4x100 m medley relay. She received the Lou Marsh Trophy (now the Northern Star Award) and the Bobbie Rosenfeld Award in 2016.

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  • Macleans

    People of Haida Gwaii Fight for Their Past, Future

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on October 20, 2003. Partner content is not updated. For long months Andy Wilson and a floating band of helpers have laboured over a contraption of his own design. Usually they work on the front deck of his home in the Haida village of Skidegate on B.C.'s Queen Charlotte Islands, drawing the curiosity of passers-by.

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  • Excerpt

    People on the Margins of the Halifax Explosion

    In the early 20th Century, most North End residents of Halifax perceived themselves as being collectively disadvantaged, compared to wealthier South End residents. However, within the North End certain groups — notably racial minorities, the elderly, non-British immigrants, members of the military, and unmarried women with children — stood out as being particularly vulnerable. They were among the hardest-hit in the aftermath of the Halifax Explosion of 1917.

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  • Article

    Jean-Luc Pepin

    Jean-Luc Pepin, academic, politician (b at Drummondville, Qué 1 Nov 1924; d at Ottawa 5 Sept 1995). Educated at the University of Ottawa and the University of Paris, Pepin later taught political science at U of O.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Jean-Luc Pepin