Browse "Business & Economics"

Displaying 436-450 of 764 results

  • Article

    International Monetary Fund

    International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the principal independent international financial agency concerned with the management of the international monetary system.

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  • Article

    International Trade

    International trade is the buying and selling of goods and services between members of different countries. This exchange has been a key part of the Canadian economy since the first settlers came. Canadian settlers depended on exports of resources such as timber and grain (see Timber Trade History; Wheat). In the 20th century, Canada’s exports shifted to services, manufactured goods and commodities such as oil and metals. Since the 1980s, Canada has signed free trade agreements with dozens of countries to increase global trade and investment. Canada’s three biggest trading partners are the United States, the European Union and China. The United States is Canada largest trading partner by far. However, trade with China grew quickly in the 2010s, and this trend will likely continue. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.

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  • Article

    International Woodworkers of America-Canada

    International Woodworkers of America (now IWA Canada), formed in 1937 as part of a drive towards industrial unionization mounted by the Committee for Industrial Organization (later Congress of Industrial Organizations).

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  • Article

    Inuit Co-operatives

    Beginning in the mid-1950s, Inuit were encouraged to move into the trading posts to be near schools and medical services.

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  • Article

    Iron Ore Company of Canada

    Iron Ore Company of Canada, incorporated 1949 by Labrador Mining and Exploration and Hanna Mining interests to exploit the some 400 million t of open-pit IRON ORE reserves proved in central Québec and Labrador in the late 1940s.

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  • Article

    Irving Group of Companies

    Companies owned by New Brunswick’s Irving family dominate the province’s natural resource industries, as well as its media, engineering and construction industries. The first Irving business was a sawmill purchased in 1881. The family now owns many companies that supply each other from different steps in the chain of production. These companies largely fall under four umbrellas: J.D. Irving Limited (whose many segments include forestry, food, construction and transportation), Brunswick News (newspapers), Irving Oil (oil refining and marketing) and Ocean Capital Holdings (real estate, radio, construction and materials). The Irving family owns Canada’s largest oil refinery, is one of the five largest landowners in North America, and employs 1 in 12 people in New Brunswick. It is one of the wealthiest families in Canada.

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  • Article

    J. & O. Crémazie

    J. & O. Crémazie. Quebec City booksellers and music publishers. The partnership between the brothers Joseph (1812-80) and Octave (1827-79) began in 1844 and lasted until 1862.

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  • Article

    James Richardson & Sons Limited

    Started as a one-man enterprise by James Richardson in Kingston, Canada West, in 1857, this family-owned company has emerged as a major international organization, employing more than 2000 people.

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  • Article

    Jarman Publications Ltd.

    Jarman Publications Ltd. Established in Toronto in 1947 by Harry E. Jarman (b London 28 Jun 1902, d Toronto 12 Sep 1987), who settled in Canada in 1924. Jarman was editor and advertising manager ca 1926-9 for Musical Canada and program director during the 1930s for radio station CKGW.

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  • Article

    Jaymar Music Ltd.

    Jaymar Music Ltd. Publishing company was established in 1967 in London, Ont, under the direction of Peter J. Martin.

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  • Macleans

    JDS Uniphase Corporation

    Jozef Straus has a reputation for being a bit, well, eccentric. There's that funky black beret he wears practically everywhere but in the shower - his company, Nepean, Ont.-based JDS Uniphase Corp., has even taken to handing copies of it out to visitors.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on March 27, 2000

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  • Article

    Jewellery and Silverware Industry

    Jewellery and Silverware IndustryJewellery and Silverware Industry includes establishments that manufacture jewellery (including costume jewellery, emblems, watch bracelets and precious metal cigar and cigarette cases) and silverware (including sterling or plated flatware and hollowware, and trophies), and those which rerefine or roll precious metals and produce precious metal alloys. The jewellery industry in Canada dates back to the 17th century and includes clockmakers and watchmakers as well as silversmiths who emigrated from the British Isles....

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  • Article

    J.L. Orme & Sons

    J.L. Orme & Sons. Ottawa music, and later furniture, firm, founded in 1861, and one of the oldest surviving names in the Canadian music trade. James Lawrence Orme (d 1893) arrived from Scotland in 1856 and for a few years was partner in a toymaking enterprise in Belleville, Upper Canada (Ontario).

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  • Macleans

    Job Security and Outsourcing

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on September 30, 1996. Partner content is not updated. So the meeting could have gone better. There was Mark Campbell, president of his own printing company, presenting to Kraft Canada Inc., executive level, in suburban Toronto. Initially, the meeting played exactly as Campbell had hoped.

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  • Macleans

    Jobs: Best and Worst

    Caroline Armstrong is, in her own words, "an extremely organized person" - some might consider her a bit obsessive. Call it what you will, her attention to detail served her well during a 19-year career in customer service with Canadian Airlines.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on May 31, 1999

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