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  • Article

    Félix Awards

    Félix Awards. Annual awards gala established in 1979 by ADISQ to promote the Quebec recording industry and its artists. The first president of ADISQ, Gilles Talbot, launched the idea of an annual gala because many Quebecois artists were dissatisfied that they were nominated only rarely to compete in the annual Juno Awards.

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  • Article

    Fencibles in the War of 1812

    During the Napoleonic Wars, the British government raised regiments known as "fencibles" for home service. These temporary units were used to protect British interests wherever the units were raised, in Great Britain or North America, and were not to be deployed for overseas duty on foreign soil. 

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  • Article

    Fencing

    Fencing is a sport that involves duelling with a sword according to established rules.

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  • Article

    Fenian Raids

    The Fenians were a secret society of Irish patriots who had emigrated from Ireland to the United States. Some members of this movement tried to take Canadian territory by force, so they could exchange it with Britain for Irish independence. From 1866 to 1871, the Fenians launched several small, armed attacks. Each raid was put down by government forces. Dozens were killed and wounded on both sides. The raids revealed shortfalls in the leadership, structure and training of the Canadian militia, and led to improvements in these areas. The raids also took place at a time of growing concern over the threat posed by American military and economic might. This led to increased support for Confederation.

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  • Collection

    Fenian Raids

    The Fenians were a secret society of Irish patriots who had emigrated from Ireland to the United States. Some North American members of this movement were intent on taking Canada by force and exchanging it with Britain for Irish independence. From 1866 to 1871 the Fenians launched a series of small, armed incursions of Canada, each of which was put down by government forces — at the cost of dozens killed and wounded on both...

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/5c7bb669-7c0f-4986-9cb8-8168f0295266.jpg Fenian Raids

  • Timelines

    Fenian Raids

    The Fenians were a secret society of Irish patriots who had emigrated from Ireland to the United States. Some North American members of this movement were intent on taking Canada by force and exchanging it with Britain for Irish independence. From 1866 to 1871 the Fenians launched a series of small, armed incursions of Canada, each of which was put down by government forces — at the cost of dozens killed and wounded on both...

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/1354ebca-0c98-466e-88d2-cbb9b2cabab1.jpg Fenian Raids

  • Article

    Fenians

    Fenians were members of a mid-19th century movement to secure Ireland’s independence from Britain. They were a secret, outlawed organization in the British Empire, where they were known as the Irish Republican Brotherhood. They operated freely and openly in the United States as the Fenian Brotherhood. Eventually, both wings became known as the Fenians. They launched a series of armed raids into Canadian territory between 1866 and 1871. The movement was primarily based in the United States, but it had a significant presence in Canada.

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  • Article

    Fern

    Fern, common name for a diverse group (division Polypodiophyta) of usually perennial, spore-producing plants with divided, evergreen or deciduous leaves (fronds) arising from slender, horizontal rhizomes (underground stems) or stout, ascending rootstalks.

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  • Article

    Ferries

    Although the Scandinavians claim to have pioneered the RO-RO concept, the first purpose-built RO-RO ferry was the Motor Princess, launched at Esquimalt, BC, in 1923 for Canadian Pacific. It ended its long career with British Columbia Ferry Corporation in the 1970s as the Pender Queen.

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  • Article

    Ferry Command

     Ferry Command was established early in WWII to improve aircraft deliveries to Britain from US factories, since surface shipping was too slow and the ships themselves were needed for other cargoes.

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  • Article

    Fertility

    Fertility, see POPULATION.

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  • Article

    Fertilizer

    Fertilizers are natural or synthetic materials that are used to supply essential nutrients for PLANT growth. Plants require 16 nutrients for growth. Carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are taken up from the atmosphere and as water.

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  • Article

    Festival d'été international de Québec

    An annual event established in 1968 under the name Festival d'été de Québec by a group of business people and artists from Québec City for the purpose of promoting the region's artistic, economic and tourist potential.

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  • Article

    Festival d'été international de Québec

    Festival d'été international de Québec (Festival d'été de Québec 1968-86). Summer festival founded 1968 by a group of young artists and businessmen from Quebec City with the purpose of furthering cultural, touristic and economic development in their region.

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  • Article

    Festival international de jazz de Montréal (FIJM)

    The Festival international de jazz de Montréal (FIJM, translated in English as Montreal International Jazz Festival and often referred to simply as the Jazz Fest) is an annual music festival in downtown Montreal. First held in 1980, the festival initially took place in several locations across downtown Montreal before settling around the Place des Arts. The Jazz Fest was founded by Alain Simard in association with André Ménard, Denyse McCann and Alain de Grosbois. It has been recognized by Guinness World Records as the world’s largest jazz festival. It is also considered Canada’s largest music festival. It generally lasts 10 days and takes place from the end of June to the beginning of July.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/640px-Festival_international_de_jazz_de_Montreal_7663611432.jpg Festival international de jazz de Montréal (FIJM)