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  • Article

    Fireweed

    Fireweed, common name for Epilobium angustifolium, a member of a genus of herbaceous or shrubby plants of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae).

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  • Article

    First Canadian Army

    First Canadian Army was a field army formed in 1942 during the Second World War. It became an international force in 1943, when Allied units were added to keep the army up to strength. The First Canadian Army was commanded by A.G.L. McNaughton and H.D.G. “Harry” Crerar.

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  • Article

    First Ministers Conferences

    First Ministers Conferences, gatherings of Canada's provincial premiers with the federal prime minister, is a term that has overtaken the older "dominion-provincial" and "federal-provincial" usages.

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  • Macleans

    First Ministers Win Concessions

    The First Ministers had barely tucked into their beef consommé when Alberta Premier Ralph Klein began to denounce the federal government’s betrayal.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on December 22, 1997

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  • Article

    First Nations in Canada

    First Nation is one of three groupings of Indigenous people in Canada, the other two being Métis and Inuit. Unlike Métis and Inuit, most First Nations hold reserve lands. Members of a First Nation may live both on and off these reserves. While the term First Nation can describe a large ethnic grouping (e.g. the Cree Nation), in other cases it is synonymous with the term band. The term band was originally chosen by the federal government and used in the Indian Act. The word band describes smaller communities. Many First Nations prefer the term First Nation over band.

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  • Article

    First Nations University of Canada

    First established in 1976 as the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College, the First Nations University of Canada (FNUniv) is the only university-college in Canada controlled by First Nations.

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  • Article

    First or Principal Meridian

    Meridian, First or PrincipalThe First or Principal Meridian is the line of longitude forming the main backbone of the Dominion Lands Survey System - a plan devised in 1869 for the subdivision of the territory about to be purchased by the federal government from the Hudson's Bay Company into a rectangular system of square townships numbered northerly from the FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL and east and west of a given meridian. The Principal Meridian, sometimes referred to...

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  • Article

    Music of Indigenous Peoples in Canada

    Indigenous people (First Nations, Inuit, Métis) who reside in what is now Canada have diverse cultural traditions that are reflected in the variety of their musical genres and styles.

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  • Collection

    First World War

    The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of more than 60,000 Canadians. This collection brings together a number of our resources on the First World War. Image above: Canadians soldiers advancing through German wire entanglements at Vimy Ridge. April, 1917. Canadian Department of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA-001087.

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  • Article

    First World War (Plain-Language Summary)

    The First World War occurred between 1914 and 1918. Approximately 425,000 Canadians served overseas in Europe. More than 60,000 Canadians died. Over 170,000 were seriously wounded. Canadians suffered more casualties in the First World War than the Second World War. (See Second World War (Plain-Language Summary).) (This article is a plain-language summary of the First World War. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, First World War.)

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  • Timelines

    First World War Timeline

    The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of more than 60,000 Canadians. It erased romantic notions of war, introducing slaughter on a massive scale, and instilled a fear of foreign military involvement that would last until the Second World War.

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  • Article

    First World War (WWI)

    The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of nearly 61,000 Canadians. It erased romantic notions of war, introducing slaughter on a massive scale, and instilled a fear of foreign military involvement that would last until the Second World War. The great achievements of Canadian soldiers on battlefields such as Ypres, Vimy and Passchendaele, however, ignited a sense of national pride and a confidence that Canada could stand on its own, apart from the British Empire, on the world stage. The war also deepened the divide between French and English Canada and marked the beginning of widespread state intervention in society and the economy. (This is the full-length entry about the First World War. For a plain-language summary, please see First World War (Plain-Language Summary).)

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  • Article

    Fiscal Policy

    Fiscal policy is the use of government taxing and spending powers to manage the behaviour of the economy. Most fiscal policy is a balancing act between taxes, which tend to reduce economic activity, and spending, which tends to increase it — although there is debate among economists about the effectiveness of fiscal measures.

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  • Article

    Fish Classification

    The classification of fishes has undergone much change over the last few decades, and further changes are expected, partly because so many groups are poorly known.

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  • Macleans

    Fish War Ends

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on April 24, 1995. Partner content is not updated. Even for a fish tale, the story had started to strain the bounds of credulity. Victory is at hand, federal Fisheries Minister Brian Tobin repeated like a mantra last week.

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