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Article

Forum

Forum. Montreal arena, home of the famous hockey team the Canadiens, and the site of many sporting, musical, and stage events. Situated at the corner of Atwater and Ste-Catherine streets, it is the property of the Canadian Arena Co.
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Article

Fossil

Fossil [Lat fossilis, "dug up"], trace of an ancient animal or plant preserved in the Earth's crust. Palaeontology is the modern, scientific study of fossils, but these curious objects have attracted attention since ancient times.
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Article

Fossil and Dinosaur Bonebeds

Part of a macrofossil, ceratopsian (horned) dinosaur bonebed at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta (courtesy David A. Eberth).Fossil and Dinosaur Bonebeds Bonebeds are notable accumulations of modern or FOSSIL bones and teeth from more than one individual that occur in a geologic stratum or on the surface of the ground. Although modern bonebeds are common, the term is most often used in reference to ancient occurrences, in particular, fossil bones of large animals such as DINOSAURS...
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Article

Fossil Animals

The first animals were microscopic in size and left no known fossil remains. The oldest animal fossils occur in sediments deposited under shallow equatorial seas over 600 million years ago.
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Article

Fossil Plants

"Plant" refers to familiar land plants, and also to aquatic plants, mosses, liverworts and algae plants. Although not technically plants, fungi and bacteria are often included. Palaeobotany is the study of ancient plant life using fossil evidence. Plant fossils are found coast-to-coast in Canada, from 45-million-year-old mosses in British Columbia to fossil forests on Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands in the Canadian Arctic.
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Article

Fossmobile

The Fossmobile was invented by George Foote Foss in 1897. It is the first successful Canadian example of an automobile built with an internal combustion engine. While the Fossmobile was never mass-produced for the Canadian automotive market (see automotive industry), it is an example of ingenuity and innovation. Through Fossmobile Enterprises, the descendants of George Foote Foss have researched and built a tribute/replica of the Fossmobile prototype. The tribute/replica vehicle was donated and inducted into the Canadian Automotive Museum in Oshawa, Ontario in 2022.
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Article

Foundations

As defined by F.
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Article

Four Major Insect Pests of Forests in Canada

Many insects are considered pests to Canada’s forests, meaning they cause significant ecological or economic damage to forest ecosystems. These species can injure trees in various ways, including boring through wood, eating leaves, and introducing pathogens to trees. These stressors can cause economic damage by reducing the amount of wood fibre that can be harvested and can sometimes negatively impact the ecosystem. While some of these pests have been recently introduced to Canadian forests from other parts of the globe, the majority of insect forest pests in Canada are native species. Under ordinary conditions, these species are natural sources of disturbance and diversity that can help to maintain healthy forests over long periods. However, human-mediated factors such as climate change, the introduction of non-native species, and biodiversity loss have more recently worsened the impacts that certain species can have on Canadian forests. Below is a list of just a few of the many such insects impacting Canadian forests, along with the estimated area of forest, in hectares, that a population outbreak defoliated or killed as well as the year that outbreak occurred.
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Macleans

Four RCMP Officers Killed In Grow Op Raid

This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on March 14, 2005. Partner content is not updated.
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Article

Four Seasons Hotels Ltd.

Four Seasons Hotels Ltd., headquartered in Toronto, owns and manages luxury hotels and resorts worldwide. Architect and builder Isadore Sharp founded the company in 1960.
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Article

Fowler Bauld & Mitchell (FBM)

Fowler Bauld & Mitchell Ltd. (FBM) is an architectural firm in practice since 1917, making it one of the oldest in Canada.
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Article

Fowler's Toad

The Fowler’s toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) is a medium-sized, earthen-coloured toad that is native to Eastern North America. In Canada, Fowler’s toads are only found in a few small areas along the north shore of Lake Erie. This species lives in places with sandy or gravelly soils into which individuals can burrow; Fowler’s toads spend much of their time underground. Due to small and declining populations, the Fowler’s toad is endangered in Canada.
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Article

Foxes in Canada

The fox is a small, carnivorous mammal of the Canidae family. Four species are present in Canada: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the swift fox (Vulpes velox), the grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). Red and Arctic foxes have a circumpolar distribution, whereas grey and swift foxes are only present in the Americas.
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Article

Fracking

Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used in oil and natural gas production. It releases otherwise irrecoverable resources from certain geological formations by injecting water and additives at high pressure into the ground to create microfractures in the rock. Hydrocarbons can then flow through these fractures into a well. It has become controversial because of concerns that the technique, and well-drilling activity associated with its use, threatens groundwater, surface water, air quality, and other environmental values. Common in Alberta’s oil patch since the 1970s, the practice expanded greatly in this century, triggering gas rushes in British Columbia and Saskatchewan and resistance in several other provinces.
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Article

French Music in Canada

Of all Western countries, with the possible exception of the United Kingdom, France has had the chief and most persistent influence on the development of music in Canada. The French, arriving at the beginning of the 17th century, were the first Europeans to colonize the country.
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