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  • Article

    Religious Music

    Religious music may be said to have begun in Canada with the arrival of the first settlers, though the indigenous peoples used music in a religious context prior to the 16th century.

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  • Article

    The Reluctant Journal of Henry K. Larsen

    Partially inspired by the Columbine High School massacre, The Reluctant Journal of Henry K. Larsen won the 2012 Governor General’s Award for Children’s Literature. Susin Nielsen’s 2012 youth novel tells the story of Henry Larsen, a teenager who is forced to confront his feelings and learn how to carry on after his bullied, outcast brother commits a school shooting. It was also named the Canadian Library Association Book of the Year for Children and received the Ruth and Sylvia Schwartz Children’s Book Award.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Reluctant Journal of Henry K. Larsen
  • Article

    Remembering D-Day: The Making of a Heritage Minute

    On 6 June 1944, Canadian Forces landed on Juno Beach. D-Day was the largest amphibious invasion of all time and marked the beginning of the end of the Second World War. In 2019, Historica Canada released a Heritage Minute telling the story of 47-year-old Major Archie MacNaughton, a First World War veteran and leader of the North Shore New Brunswick Regiment’s A Company. In this article, Anthony Wilson-Smith, president of Historica Canada, reflects on the making of the D-Day Minute.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ArchieMacNaughton/IMG_2847.JPG Remembering D-Day: The Making of a Heritage Minute
  • Article

    Remembering the walrus hunt

    The Aivilingmiut of Nunavut are walrus hunters. Like many regional groups of Inuit, they’re named after the animal that once kept them alive.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b0be7080-64dd-42a1-b455-dcf920df8bfa.jpg Remembering the walrus hunt
  • Article

    Remembrance Day in Canada

    Remembrance Day is a yearly memorial day that is observed in many Commonwealth countries, including Canada, to remember those who died in military service, and honour those who served in wartime. It is observed across Canada each year on 11 November — the anniversary of the Armistice agreement of 1918 that ended the First World War. On Remembrance Day, public ceremonies and church services often include the playing of “Last Post,” a reading of the fourth stanza of the poem “For the Fallen,” and two minutes of silence at 11 a.m. Wreaths are laid at local war memorials and assemblies are held in schools. Millions of Canadians wear red poppy pins in the weeks leading up to and on 11 November in remembrance. In 2020 and 2021, Remembrance Day services and events were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many events were either held online, cancelled or limited to a small number of participants due to fear of contagion.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/064a5591-1989-4fac-b81e-7bd9099c8053.jpg Remembrance Day in Canada
  • Article

    Remembrance Day Poppy

    The red poppy is a symbol of Remembrance Day that was inspired by the poem “In Flanders Fields,” written by Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae. Canada officially adopted the poppy as a symbol of remembrance in 1921. Red poppy pins are sold by the Royal Canadian Legion and worn by millions of Canadians in the weeks leading up to and on 11 November.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/064a5591-1989-4fac-b81e-7bd9099c8053.jpg Remembrance Day Poppy
  • Editorial

    Andrew Mynarski's Thirteenth Mission

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b05b4a40-de07-4dba-aca6-b02911771b6d.jpg Andrew Mynarski's Thirteenth Mission
  • Article

    Remote Sensing

    History The oldest remote sensing instrument is the photographic camera, which has a long history of use in making observations of Earth from aircraft and, more recently, spacecraft.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/70035c01-a62b-498f-ac5e-c845f620a798.jpg Remote Sensing
  • Article

    Rep by Pop

    Representation by population is a political system in which seats in a legislature are allocated on the basis of population. It upholds a basic principle of parliamentary democracy that all votes should be counted equally. Representation by population was a deeply divisive issue among politicians in the Province of Canada (1841–67). Nicknamed “rep by pop,” it became an important consideration in the lead up to Confederation. (See also: Representative Government; Responsible Government.)

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  • Article

    Rep by Pop (Plain-Language Summary)

    Representation by population (or “rep by pop”) is a political system. It is when seats in a legislature are assigned based on population. This upholds a basic idea of democracy that all votes should be counted equally. Rep by pop was a deeply divisive issue in the Province of Canada (1841–67). It became an important factor in Confederation. This article is a plain-language summary of Rep by Pop. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Rep by Pop.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/bf6a8447-8306-4749-bb63-2f6129eb20a6.jpg Rep by Pop (Plain-Language Summary)
  • Article

    Repatriation of Artifacts

    Most Indigenous ethnology collections found in Canadian museums today were gathered (and sometimes confiscated) by missionaries, government agents, amateur and professional collectors and anthropologists such as Edward Sapir and Marius Barbeau during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Today, many Indigenous nations are requesting that these items be returned to their true home.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/repatriation.jpg Repatriation of Artifacts
  • Article

    Repeal Movement

    In 1867 many Nova Scotians were reluctant to endorse CONFEDERATION. In the elections of Sept 1867 anti-Confederates captured 36 of 38 seats in the local legislature, and 18 of 19 seats in the Dominion Parliament.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Repeal Movement
  • Article

    Representative Government

    ​Representative government is a political system in which an elected assembly governs. Members of the assembly act as the people's representatives in government.

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  • Article

    Representing the Home Front: The Women of the Canadian War Memorials Fund

    While they may not have had access to the battlefields, a number of Canadian women artists made their mark on the visual culture of the First World War by representing the home front. First among these were the women affiliated with the Canadian War Memorials Fund, Canada’s first official war art program. Founded in 1916, the stated goal of the Fund was to provide “suitable Memorials in the form of Tablets, Oil-Paintings, etc. […], to the Canadian Heroes and Heroines in the War.” Expatriates Florence Carlyle and Caroline Armington participated in the program while overseas. Artists Henrietta Mabel May, Dorothy Stevens, Frances Loringand Florence Wyle were commissioned by the Fund to visually document the war effort in Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c5bd4814-1974-4a38-b0bf-006c4ec26687.jpg Representing the Home Front: The Women of the Canadian War Memorials Fund
  • Article

    Reptile

    Reptiles are a group of vertebrate animals that, like mammals, produce an amniote egg, with extra-embryonic sacs for waste, yolk, and protection, and often possessing a shell, particularly if released by the female before development of the embryo is completed. DNA analysis has allowed comparison of the genes in common for living organisms and new fossils have augmented our knowledge of the sequence of appearance of many features. Combined, these lines of research have produced changes from classical classification in which birds were regarded as most closely related to mammals primarily because they are both endothermic (able to maintain an internal body temperature). Now it is believed that each evolved this feature independently and that birds are derived from dinosaurs. Today's reptiles represent 2 main lines: Parareptilia or Chelonia (turtles) and Eureptilia or Diapsida, which contains the Lepidosauria (Tuatara, lizards and snakes) and Archosuria (crocodilians and birds).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/e860f0e5-12f6-4683-a428-98739c60c42a.jpg Reptile