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  • Article

    Natural Resources in Canada

    Natural resources are aspects of the natural environment from which goods and services can be obtained and produced. They include air, sunlight, water, land, vegetation, animal life and geological resources. People can also value natural resources for their own sake or for their aesthetic qualities. Humans must manage natural resources to sustain the benefits they offer. Canada is among the most resource-rich countries in the world. Its large and varied natural resources are essential to its economies and cultures. But there are ongoing debates about how to use, share and manage natural resources. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article. This is the full-length entry about natural resources in Canada. For a plain-language summary, please see Natural Resources in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).

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  • Article

    Responsible Government

    Responsible government refers to a government that is responsible to the people. In Canada, responsible government is an executive or Cabinet that depends on the support of an elected assembly, rather than a monarch or their representatives. A responsible government first appeared in Canada in the 1830s. It became an important part of Confederation. It is the method by which Canada achieved independence from Britain without revolution.

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  • Article

    Restitution (Legal)

    Restitution is a legal response calculated to take away a gain or enrichment that is considered to be inappropriate. It developed to address situations of unjust enrichment that were not adequately addressed by the laws of tort or contract.

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  • Article

    Retail Trade

    There are 2 broad categories of retail-trade organization: retail chains, which operate 4 or more stores in the same kind of business under the same ownership, and independent retailers operating 1 to 3 stores.

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  • Article

    Revenue Canada

    In 1927 the Department of National Revenue Act established the Department of National Revenue by renaming the Department of Customs and Excise.

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  • Article

    Revolutionary Industrial Unionism

    Revolutionary industrial unionism, or syndicalism, a broad international movement dedicated to organizing all workers into single, unified labour organizations designed to overthrow the capitalist system by means of industrial actions, including the general strike.

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  • Article

    Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française

     La Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française was founded in 1947 by Lionel GROULX, professor of history at U de Montréal.

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  • Article

    Rhinoceros Party

    The Rhinoceros Party was founded in 1963 by a group of humorists led by Montreal doctor Jacques Ferron to poke fun at federal election campaigns. First fielding candidates for 1964 by-elections, it participated in every subsequent general election until 1985. Eighty-nine candidates (across Canada) represented the party in the federal election of 1984; it received 99,207 votes, 0.790% of the total votes cast. In May 1985, shortly after the death of Ferron, the party was officially dissolved.

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  • Article

    Rhodes Scholarships

    Under the terms of the will of Cecil Rhodes, Canadians became eligible to hold Rhodes scholarships in colleges of Oxford U. Since 1902 nearly 1000 scholars have been appointed by provincial selection committees answering to the Rhodes trustees in Britain.

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  • Article

    Rhododendron

    Rhododendron [Gk, "red tree"] is a large genus (700 species) of the heath family (Ericaceae) found in the Northern Hemisphere; 4 species are native to Canada. The genus contains both rhododendrons, usually evergreen, and azaleas, which are deciduous.

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  • Article

    Rhubarb

    Rhubarb (genus Rheum) is a common name for about 50 species of cool-season herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the buckwheat family and originating in central Asia.

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  • Article

    Rideau Canal

    Rideau Canal (or Waterway), 202 km long, links the Ottawa River at Ottawa with Lake Ontario at Kingston.

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  • Article

    Rideau Hall

    A sophisticated estate that incorporated the primary elements of English landscape style, Rideau Hall was thought to be in keeping with the stature and lifestyle of the Queen's representative in Canada.

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  • Article

    Right To Play

    Right To Play International is a global charitable organization that uses the power of sport and play to educate children who are facing adversity, poverty and conflict.

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  • Article

    Right Whale

    Right whales are a baleen whale found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. There are three species: the North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica), North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) and southern right whale (Eubalaena australis). In Canadian waters, the North Pacific right whale is rarely sighted, but was historically found along British Columbia’s coast. The North Atlantic right whale is found along the Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Both the North Pacific and North Atlantic right whale are listed as endangered under Canada’s Species at Risk Act. (See also Endangered Animals in Canada.) 

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