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Article

Quebec Film History: 1896 to 1969

This entry presents an overview of Quebec cinema, from its beginnings in the silent film era to the burgeoning of a distinctly Quebec cinema in the 1960s. It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women’s cinema.
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Article

The Coloured Corps: Black Canadians and the War of 1812

The Coloured Corps (also known as Runchey's Company of Coloured Men, or Black Corps) was a militia company of Black men raised during the War of 1812.
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Editorial

Editorial: The Courage of Terry Fox

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Terry Fox was the boy who never gave up. His short life was devoted to achieving his goals. Obstacles just made him try harder. When he learned he had cancer and would lose his leg, he resolved to do something to help other cancer victims. When the disease claimed him on 28 June 1981, he left a legacy of hope that inspired millions to continue his cause.
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Article

The Crash Test Dummies

Crash Test Dummies. A folk-rock band formed in Winnipeg around 1985, the Crash Test Dummies initially played acoustic cover versions of songs by such rock and folk-pop artists as Alice Cooper and the Roches, at the Blue Note Café.
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Article

The Crew-Cuts

The Crew-Cuts. Rock and roll vocal quartet.
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Editorial

Acadian Expulsion (the Great Upheaval)

Soldiers rounding up terrified civilians, expelling them from their land, burning their homes and crops ‒ it sounds like a 20th century nightmare in one of the world's trouble spots, but it describes a scene from Canada's early history, the Deportation of the Acadians.
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Article

The Diamonds

The Diamonds. This rock and roll vocal quartet was formed in early 1953 at the University of Toronto by baritone Phil Levitt (b 9 Jul 1935), lead Stan Fisher, tenor Ted Kowalski (b 16 May 1931; d 8 Aug 2010), and bass Bill Reed (b 11 Jan 1936, d 22 Oct 2004).
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Article

The Flying Bulgars

The Flying Bulgars is a folk band renowned for its presentation of Klezmer-inspired music. Originally known as The Flying Bulgar Klezmer Band, the group was founded in Toronto in 1987 by composer/trumpeter David Buchbinder.
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Article

The Four Kings of Canada

The Four Kings of Canada were prominent leaders from the Haudenosaunee Confederacy who traveled to London to request a British invasion of French Canada in 1710 during the War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War). They presented Queen Anne with wampum and received numerous gifts, including the Queen Anne communion silver that is housed today in two Mohawk Chapels Royal. The high-profile reception of the Four Kings of Canada strengthened the military alliance between the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and Britain and shaped British perceptions of North American Indigenous peoples in the early 18th century.
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Editorial

Editorial: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government

The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. The Baldwin–LaFontaine government of 1848 has been called the “great ministry.” In addition to establishing responsible government, it had an incomparable record of legislation. It established a public school system and finalized the founding of the University of Toronto. It set up municipal governments and pacified French-Canadian nationalism after a period of unrest. Responsible government did not transform Canada overnight into a fully developed democracy. But it was an important milestone along the road to political autonomy. Most importantly, it provided an opportunity for French Canadians to find a means for their survival through the British Constitution. The partnership and friendship between Baldwin and LaFontaine were brilliant examples of collaboration that have been all too rare in Canadian history.
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Article

The Good Brothers

The Good Brothers. Country group based in Richmond Hill, near Toronto. It was formed in 1969 as a country-folk group, James and the Good Brothers, by the guitarist James Ackroyd and the twins Bruce and Brian Good (autoharpist and guitarist respectively, b Toronto 27 Jan 1946).
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Article

The Great Farini

William Leonard Hunt (a.k.a. The Great Farini), performer, circus impresario, inventor, (born 10 June 1838 in Lockport, New York; died 17 January 1929 in Port Hope, Ontario). Hunt became known for high-flying stunts, most famously for crossing Niagara Falls on a tightrope. He is also credited with inventing the human cannonball circus trick.
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Article

The Happy Gang

The Happy Gang. Troupe of musical entertainers heard 1937-59, weekdays at lunchtime, in a CBC radio variety show of the same name.
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Article

The History of Canadian Women in Sport

For hundreds of years, very few sports were considered appropriate for women, whether for reasons of supposed physical frailty, or the alleged moral dangers of vigorous exercise. Since the late 19th century, however, women in Canada have participated in a growing list of sports — not only those deemed graceful and feminine, but also the sweaty, rough-and-tumble games traditionally played only by men (e.g., hockey, boxing, soccer, rugby)
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Timelines

The Indian Act

The Indian Act is the principal law through which the federal government administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies. The Indian Act does not include Métis or Inuit peoples. The Act came into power on 12 April 1876. It consolidated a number of earlier colonial laws that sought to control and assimilate Indigenous peoples into Euro-Canadian culture. The Indian Act has been amended many times over...
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