Browse "Business & Economics"

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  • Article

    Quebec Film History: 1970 to 1989

    This entry presents an overview of Québec cinema, from the burgeoning of a distinctly Québec cinema in the 1970s, to the production explosion that followed Denys Arcand’s Le déclin de l’empire américain (1986). It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women's cinema.

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  • Article

    Quebec Film History: 1990 to Present

    This entry presents an overview of Quebec cinema, from the explosion that followed Denys Arcand’s Le déclin de l’empire américain (1986) to the setback that followed 10 years later and the new wave of filmmaking that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women's cinema.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/3fc2649b-c4d7-4fc5-8f8f-d2d67ed75621.jpg Quebec Film History: 1990 to Present

  • Article

    Québec Shoe Workers' Strike

    The Québec Shoe Workers' Strike, properly a lockout, 27 October-10 December 1900, was the first direct intervention in a labour conflict by Québec Catholic clergy and the first step toward the creation of Catholic unions (see CONFEDERATION OF NATIONAL TRADE UNIONS).

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  • Article

    Quill & Quire

    Quill & Quire is a magazine of the Canadian book trade. It is read chiefly by publishers, booksellers, librarians, writers and educators. Founded by the Seccombe family in 1935, it was a monthly magazine serving stationers and booksellers.

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  • Article

    Radical Economics

    Originally the word "radical" meant relentlessly seeking the root of a problem and not shrinking from the action that follows as a logical consequence of its findings. More popularly, it denotes a sharp departure from conventional, orthodox interpretations of reality.

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  • Macleans

    Random House/Doubleday Merger

    David Kent is in a combative mood. Seated at the desk in his book-lined corner office, the 48-year-old president of Random House Canada, a Toronto-based publisher, is taking calls and returning messages from business associates and journalists.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on February 1, 1999

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Random House/Doubleday Merger

  • Article

    Recession in Canada

    A recession is a temporary period of time when the overall economy declines; it is an expected part of the business cycle. This period usually includes declines in industrial and agricultural production, trade, incomes, stock markets, consumer spending, and levels of employment. In purely technical terms, a recession occurs when two or more successive quarters (six months) show a drop in real gross domestic product (GDP), i.e., the measure of total economic output in the economy after accounting for inflation. In this sense, recessions are broad and can be particularly painful and challenging times for a country. This is the full-length entry about Recession in Canada. For a plain-language summary, please see Recession in Canada (Plain-Language Summary). 

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  • Article

    Recession in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    A recession can mean “going down.” The word “recession” is often used when talking about the economy. An economic recession is a time when the economy is going down. Production goes down. Spending goes down. Stock markets go down. Overall, the gross domestic product (GDP) goes down. GDP is the amount of goods and services produced in a country. A recession happens when the economy goes down for more than a few months. Recessions occur often, and they cause many problems for individuals and businesses. This article is a plain-language summary of Recession in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Recession in Canada.

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  • Article

    Recession of 2008–09 in Canada

    The global financial crisis that began in 2007 dragged much of the world economy into recession, and Canada was not spared. Although the effects on Canada were milder than on the United States and in Europe, the Canadian recession of 2008–09 was still severe enough to generate sharp declines in output and employment and to require significant responses by Canadian policy-makers.

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  • Article

    Reciprocity

    Reciprocity was a free trade agreement between the United States and Canada. It mutually reduced import duties and protective tariffs on certain goods exchanged between the two countries. It was in effect from 1854 to 1866 and was controversial at times on both sides of the border. It was replaced in 1878 by the Conservative Party’s protectionist National Policy. It involved levying tariffs on imported goods to shield Canadian manufacturers from American competition. A narrower reciprocity agreement was introduced in 1935 and expanded in 1938. However, it was suspended in 1948 after both countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f8f2bab3-d387-4165-9fbc-617c30019b95.jpg Reciprocity

  • Article

    Reciprocity (Plain-Language Summary)

    Reciprocity was a free trade deal between the United States and Canada. (Reciprocity is when both sides give and receive.) The deal reduced import duties and tariffs on certain goods traded between the two countries. It was in effect from 1854 to 1866. It was at times a source of great controversy in both countries. It was replaced in 1878 by the National Policy. It was a more protectionist policy. It imposed tariffs on imported goods. This shielded manufacturers in Canada from US competition. A more limited reciprocity deal was reached in 1935. It ended in 1948 after both countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This article is a plain-language summary of Reciprocity. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Reciprocity.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Reciprocity (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    Regional Economics in Canada

    There are major economic differences among Canada’s main geographic regions — Ontario, Quebec, the North, the West and Atlantic Canada — each are affected by its own history of economic development, industrial location, urbanization, land use and migration. This is the full-length entry about regional economics in Canada. For a plain-language summary, please see Regional Economics in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).

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  • Article

    Regional Economics in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    A region is a place. Canada has many regions. Regions have different geographic qualities, natural resources, markets and populations. These differences affect the economy of a region. (See also Regionalism.) This article is a plain-language summary of Regional Economics in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Regional Economics in Canada.

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  • Article

    Retail Trade

    There are 2 broad categories of retail-trade organization: retail chains, which operate 4 or more stores in the same kind of business under the same ownership, and independent retailers operating 1 to 3 stores.

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  • Article

    Robotics in Canada

    Robotics is the branch of engineering that concerns robots: reprogrammable, multifunction manipulators designed to move objects and complete tasks through a variety of programmed motions. The field includes the conception, design, manufacture and operation of such machines. Robotics overlaps with a variety of other electronic and engineering disciplines including artificial intelligence (AI), bioengineering, computer science, mechatronics (the engineering of both electrical and mechanical systems) and nanotechnology. In the late 20th century, Canada distinguished itself in the field with the development of the Canadarm for space missions. Despite the challenges of competing in the international market, Canadian companies, institutes and researchers are now world leaders in the development of AI applications for robotics.

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