Browse "Wars"

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Memory Project Archive

Gordon Wilson (Primary Source)

Gordon Wilson was born on 5 December 1917 in Limerick, Saskatchewan, and enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1940. He was sent overseas in 1941, where his squadron was moved to the Royal Air Force (RAF). Wilson served as a fighter pilot with the RAF, flying Spitfires with No. 134, No. 213, and No. 92 Squadrons, in the North Africa and Mediterranean theatres. In this testimony, he recalls fighter sweeps over El Alamein, Egypt, and Cape Bon, Tunisia, actions that helped the Allies declare victory in the North Africa campaign on 13 May 1943. He also recounts an emergency landing in Sicily in 1944. Wilson returned to Canada after the war and graduated from the University of Saskatchewan with a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. He served as Executive Director of the Western Development Museum of Saskatchewan and was a founder of the Saskatchewan Agricultural Hall of Fame. Gordon Wilson died on 31 May 2015 in Saskatoon. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

Harold "Hal" Roberts (Primary Source)

In about 2010, The Memory Project interviewed Harold “Hal” Roberts, a veteran of the Second World War. The following recording (and transcript) is an excerpt from this interview. Born on 19 March 1924 in Lancashire, England, Roberts joined the Local Defence Volunteers (later the Home Guard) at age 16. After leaving school, he joined the British Merchant Navy in 1941 and served as a radio officer with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and Norwegian Merchant Navy. He sailed in various theatres during the war, including the North Atlantic (see Battle of the Atlantic). In this testimony, Roberts recalls his experience in the merchant navy, including heavy losses to enemy submarines during the Murmansk Run, the convoys that delivered supplies to Russia. Roberts emigrated to Canada in 1953 and was employed by the federal public service for many years. He died on 10 September 2018 in Ottawa, Ontario. (See also Merchant Navy of Canada.) Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

J. Emmett Mulvaney (Primary Source)

In around 2010, The Memory Project interviewed John Emmett Mulvaney, a naval veteran of the Second World War. The following recording (and transcript) is an excerpt from this interview. Born on 17 June 1920, Mulvaney was raised in Kenora, Ontario. He served six years in the Canadian navy but spent most of the war on merchant ships. The DEMS (Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships) was a Second World War program through which naval personnel served in the merchant navy. In this testimony, Mulvaney describes rescuing his friend; he also mentions naval operations in the north Atlantic and North Sea, alluding to the Arctic convoys that supplied Russia during the war. (See also Battle of the Atlantic). After the war, Mulvaney became a professor of Economics, Political Science and Public Administration at the University of Winnipeg, where he worked for 35 years. He died on 11 May 2015 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, at the age of 94. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

Jack Dolson (Primary Source)

Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

John Mardling (Primary Source)

The Memory Project interviewed John Mardling, a veteran of the Second World War in about 2010. The following recording (and transcript) is an excerpt from this interview. Born in Harwich Township, Ontario, in 1921, Mardling served in the Merchant Navy from 1943 to 1945. In this testimony, he recalls trips to Scotland, England and India during the war, and encountering submarines during voyages across the Atlantic (see Battle of the Atlantic). After the war he settled in Chatham, Ontario, where he worked 38 years at Ontario Steel (Arvin Meritor). He was a member of the Canadian Merchant Navy Association, the Royal Canadian Naval Association and the Royal Canadian Legion. Mardling died on 4 September 2013 at the age of 92. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

John Smith (Primary Source)

In 2003, retired master mariner Captain John (Jack) C.S. Smith was interviewed for the Canadian War Museum Oral History Project. The following recording (and transcript) is an excerpt from this interview. Born on 20 April 1920 in Newfoundland, Smith was an outport schooner fisherman, fishing for cod from dories, at the start of the Second World War. He joined the Newfoundland merchant navy and then the Canadian Merchant Navy, sailing east coast routes (both independent sailings and in convoy) from St. John’s, Newfoundland, to the Caribbean. In this testimony, he recalls an encounter with a submarine off the coast of Bermuda. Smith died on 27 December 2011 in Ottawa, Ontario. (See also Battle of the Atlantic and U-Boat Operations in Canadian Waters.) Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

Ruth Muggeridge (Primary Source)

"I was in the burn ward, and we got mostly the Armoured Corps. boys. Our patients I must say were wonderful young men, and they were so grateful for anything we were able to do for them." See below for Mrs. Muggeridge's entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

Sheila Elizabeth Whitton (Primary Source)

During the Second World War, Sheila Elizabeth Whitton was a coder for the Canadian Navy. Whitton was sent to England in preparation for D-Day to work on coding machines instrumental to the Allies’ success. Read and listen to Whitton’s recount of the loss of her husband in the war and the resilience she had to put forward. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Memory Project Archive

Tadeusz "Tad" Szablewski (Primary Source)

Tad Szablewski was a member of the Polish Air Force during the Second World War.Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.Content warning: This article contains content which some may find offensive or disturbing.
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Memory Project Archive

Tannes Hesje (Primary Source)

Born in Norway, Mr. Hesje immigrated to Canada in 1928. He enlisted with the Saskatoon Light Infantry in 1942. While travelling over to England, the convoy he was in was attacked by German aircraft. He landed in Italy and worked in an officers’ mess and as a batman. The regiment was then transferred to northwest Europe, and was in the Netherlands on VE Day.Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.
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Article

Mutual Aid

Mutual Aid is the principal economic means by which Canada assisted its allies with food, raw materials and munitions from May 1943 until the end of WORLD WAR II. The Mutual Aid Board, chaired by C.D.
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Macleans

Mynarksi's Wartime Heroism

It was June 12, 1944, and the D-Day invasion of Normandy was less than a week old. Waves of Allied bombers were pounding German positions, but on this afternoon Flying Officer Patrick Brophy, 22, from Port Arthur, Ont., was feeling uneasy.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 10, 2002
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Article

Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) were a series of wars between France and shifting alliances between other European powers.
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Article

National War Labour Board

The National War Labour Board was established in 1941 with 5 regional boards to enforce the Canadian government's program of wage stabilization in the volatile wartime economy. The first chairman was Humphrey MITCHELL, later minister of labour.
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Article

Naval Aid Bill

As early as 1909 the Conservative Party believed that Canada should contribute "emergency" funds to help the Royal Navy maintain its superiority over the German navy. In March 1912 the RN required more "dreadnought" battleships.
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