Browse "Natural resources"

Displaying 16-30 of 54 results

  • Article

    Forestry Education

    Throughout the late 1980s and the 1990s, there was a tremendous evolution of FORESTRY in Canada and around the world. Forestry became increasingly important for both the ECONOMY and the ENVIRONMENT, and the practice of forestry became more complex.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Forestry Education

  • Article

    Fur Trade in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    The fur trade began in the 1600s in what is now Canada. It continued for more than 250 years. Europeans traded with Indigenous people for beaver pelts. The demand for felt hats in Europe drove this business. The fur trade was one of the main reasons that Europeans explored and colonized Canada. It built relationships between Europeans and Indigenous peoples. (This article is a plain-language summary of the fur trade. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Fur Trade in Canada.)

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  • Article

    Hydro-Québec

    Hydro-Québec, a provincially owned corporation based in Montréal, is Canada's largest electric utility and, judged by assets ($30.6 billion in 1986), Canada's second largest corporation. 

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  • Article

    Hydroelectricity in Canada

    Hydroelectricity is energy produced from flowing water. The amount of energy produced depends on volume and speed: the more water moving at a fast rate, the more energy produced. For this reason, many hydroelectric stations are built near waterfalls. To produce energy, water is directed toward turbines — sometimes with the help of a dam — causing them to spin. In turn, the turbines make electrical generators spin and electricity is produced. It is a renewable, comparatively nonpolluting energy source and Canada’s largest source of electric-power generation.

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  • Article

    James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement

    The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) is a legal agreement signed on 11 November 1975 by the government of Quebec, the government of Canada, Hydro-Québec and two of its subsidiaries, the Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec and the Northern Quebec Inuit Association. Described by many as the “first modern treaty,” the JBNQA redefined and framed land management as well as the relationship between the Quebecois state and the Indigenous peoples of the James Bay and Northern Quebec region (see James Bay Project, Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada).

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement

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    James Bay Project

    In 1971, Hydro-Québec and the government of Quebec initiated the James Bay Project, a monumental hydroelectric-power development on the east coast of James Bay. ( See also Hydroelectricity in Canada.) Over the course of two phases, a total of eight generating stations were built, allowing for the pollution-free production of a significant portion of Quebec’s electricity. However, the project also profoundly disrupted the environment and the Indigenous communities living in the region, the effects of which are still being felt today.

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    Keystone XL Pipeline

    Keystone XL was a proposed 1,947 km long pipeline project that would have carried crude oil from Alberta to Nebraska. It was owned by Calgary-based TC Energy Corporation. The pipeline was named XL for “export limited.” First proposed in July 2008, it was the prospective fourth phase of TC Energy’s existing Keystone Pipeline system. In Canada, Keystone XL had the support of both the federal and Alberta governments. However, the project faced significant opposition and legal challenges on environmental grounds. In January 2021, United States president Joe Biden cancelled its permit on his first day in office. On 9 June 2021, TC Energy and the Alberta government announced the termination of the Keystone XL pipeline.

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  • Article

    Lakes in Canadian Music

    With the exception of the Great Lakes which border Ontario on the south, Canada's lakes no longer play a significant role in the country's development; rather they serve recreation and tourism, provide hydro-power, and are valued for their natural beauty.

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  • Article

    Line 3 Pipeline Replacement Program

    The Line 3 Replacement Program (also known as L3RP) is an upgrade to the Enbridge Mainline pipeline. The existing crude oil pipeline runs from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin. The 1,660 km long upgrade is the largest project in the history of Calgary-based Enbridge. The Alberta to Manitoba section of the L3RP has been in service since December 2019.

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  • Article

    Natural Gas in Canada

    Natural gas ranks among the fastest-growing energy sources in Canada and is seen by many in the energy industry as a game-changer, a comparatively clean, low-cost and versatile fuel. It can directly generate power and heat and can be chemically altered to produce a wide range of useful commodity chemicals. It burns cleaner and more efficiently than other fossil fuels, releasing significantly fewer harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Natural gas is colorless, odourless, shapeless, lighter than air and contains a mixture of several hydrocarbon gases, which are organic compounds consisting of some combination of hydrogen and carbon molecules. The primary consumers of natural gas are the industrial (54.1 per cent), residential (26.6 per cent) and commercial sectors (19.3 per cent). Canada is the fifth largest natural gas producer after the United States, Russia, Iran and Qatar. Currently, all of Canada’s natural gas exports go to the United States through a network of pipelines, making Canada the largest foreign source of US natural gas imports. At the end of 2016, Canada had 76.7 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves and had produced 152 billion cubic metres of natural gas that year. It is forecasted that global natural gas consumption will double by 2035.

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  • Article

    Natural Resources in Alberta

    Canada is a resource rich country and different natural resources are found across the provinces and territories. Alberta’s natural resources include mountains, lakes, rivers, fossil fuels, forests and agricultural land. These natural resources contribute towards the economies of Alberta and Canada, but there are environmental and health concerns regarding fossil fuel extraction in the province. (See also Oil Sands.)

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    Natural Resources in British Columbia

    Canada is a resource rich country and different natural resources are found across the provinces and territories. British Columbia’s natural resources include forests, agricultural land, fish, minerals, natural gas and water. These natural resources contribute towards the economy of British Columbia and Canada.

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    Natural Resources in Manitoba

    Canada is a resource rich country and different natural resources are found across the provinces and territories. Manitoba’s natural resources include agricultural land, minerals, water, fish and wildlife.

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    Natural Resources in Ontario

    Canada is a resource rich country and different natural resources are found across the provinces and territories. Ontario is the largest market for resource-based goods and services in Canada (see Economy). With the important exception of fossil fuels, it has large stocks of renewable and non-renewable resources, which include agricultural land, forests, water, and minerals.

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    Natural Resources in Quebec

    Most of Quebec lies on the Canadian Shield, where there are many rich renewable resources. Quebec’s natural resources include forests, water, minerals, agricultural land, rivers, lakes, fish and wildlife. These natural resources contribute towards the economy of Quebec.

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