Browse "Nature & Geography"

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Article

James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement

The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) is a legal agreement signed on 11 November 1975 by the government of Quebec, the government of Canada, Hydro-Québec and two of its subsidiaries, the Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec and the Northern Quebec Inuit Association. Described by many as the “first modern treaty,” the JBNQA redefined and framed land management as well as the relationship between the Quebecois state and the Indigenous peoples of the James Bay and Northern Quebec region (see James Bay Project, Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada).
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Article

James Bay Project

In 1971, Hydro-Québec and the government of Quebec initiated the James Bay Project, a monumental hydroelectric-power development on the east coast of James Bay. ( See also Hydroelectricity in Canada.) Over the course of two phases, a total of eight generating stations were built, allowing for the pollution-free production of a significant portion of Quebec’s electricity. However, the project also profoundly disrupted the environment and the Indigenous communities living in the region, the effects of which are still being felt today.
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Article

January Thaw

January thaw, or bonspiel thaw as it is called on the Prairies, is a climatic phenomenon of unseasonably warm weather that tends to occur at about the same time every year, usually within about 10 days after the middle of January.
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Article

Jay

Canada is home to three species of jay: the blue jay, Steller’s jay and grey jay.
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Article

Jefferson Salamander

The Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) is a forest-dwelling salamander native to northeastern North America. Within Canada, it is only found in Southern Ontario. They are a member of the Ambystomatidae family, also known as “mole salamanders,” because they spend much of their lives underground. In Canada, the Jefferson salamander faces a severity of threats and is declining across much of its range, and it is listed as an endangered species under the Canadian Species at Risk Act.
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Article

Jellyfish

Jellyfish, common name for free-swimming medusae of invertebrates of phylum Cnidaria.
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Article

Juniper

Junipers are evergreen conifers and comprise the genus Juniperus of the cypress family (Cupressaceae).
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Article

Kale

Kale (Brassica oleracea, Acephala Group), cole crop (like cabbage, cauliflower, etc), belonging to the Cruciferae family.
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Article

Kangaroo Rat

Kangaroo Rat, solitary, strictly nocturnal rodent of the N American family Heteromyidae. The family comprises 75 species (see Pocket Mouse).
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Article

Karst Landform

A karst landform is a geological feature created on the earth's surface by the drainage of water into the ground.
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Macleans

Kelowna Residents Respond to Disaster

At times last week, the sky on Kelowna's southern flank seemed possessed by a malevolent force, as though the B.C. city were living under a volcano. Winds would fan the Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park fire, sending unsettling plumes of smoke high into the air.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on September 8, 2003
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Article

Kestrel

Kestrel, see FALCON.
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Article

Keystone XL Pipeline

Keystone XL was a proposed 1,947 km long pipeline project that would have carried crude oil from Alberta to Nebraska. It was owned by Calgary-based TC Energy Corporation. The pipeline was named XL for “export limited.” First proposed in July 2008, it was the prospective fourth phase of TC Energy’s existing Keystone Pipeline system. In Canada, Keystone XL had the support of both the federal and Alberta governments. However, the project faced significant opposition and legal challenges on environmental grounds. In January 2021, United States president Joe Biden cancelled its permit on his first day in office. On 9 June 2021, TC Energy and the Alberta government announced the termination of the Keystone XL pipeline.
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Article

Killer Whales

Three ecologically distinct types of killer whales have been identified in British Columbia: residents, transients and offshores. These three populations have overlapping ranges, but appear to be socially and reproductively isolated.
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Article

Kingbird

Kingbird, see FLYCATCHER, TYRANT.
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