Browse "Politics & Law"

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  • Macleans

    Hurricane Carter Saga

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on December 6, 1999. Partner content is not updated. He was down for the count. Rubin (Hurricane) Carter had been in prison for 13 years, serving a life sentence for a triple murder he did not commit - a brutal slaying at a bar in Paterson, N.J., in 1966.

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  • Article

    Ian Alistair Mackenzie

    Ian Alistair Mackenzie, politician (b at Assynt, Scot 27 July 1890; d at Banff, Alta 2 Sept 1949). After sitting in the BC Assembly 1920-30, the gregarious Mackenzie entered Parliament in Ottawa. He was minister of national defence, 1935-39, overseeing the rearmament of Canada's armed forces.

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  • Article

    Idola Saint-Jean

    Idola Saint-Jean, feminist and pioneer in the fight for women’s suffrage (born 19 May 1880 in Montreal, QC; died 6 April 1945 in Montreal). The first woman from Quebec to run as a candidate in a federal election, she devoted over 20 years of her life to active efforts to improve women’s legal rights.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/!feature-img-thumbnails/Idola-Saint-Jean-Actual--tweet.jpg Idola Saint-Jean

  • Article

    Igor Gouzenko

    Igor Sergeievitch Gouzenko, Soviet intelligence officer, author (born 26 January 1919 in Rogachev, Russia; died 25 June 1982 in Mississauga, ON). Igor Gouzenko was a Soviet cipher clerk stationed at the Soviet Union’s Ottawa embassy during the Second World War. Just weeks after the end of the war, Gouzenko defected to the Canadian government with proof that his country had been spying on its wartime allies: Canada, Britain and the United States. This prompted what is known as the Gouzenko Affair. Gouzenko sought asylum for himself and his family in Canada. His defection caused a potentially dangerous international crisis. Many historians consider it the beginning of the Cold War.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ef877228-646a-42e0-8096-b939feb24100.jpg Igor Gouzenko

  • Editorial

    Editorial: Igor Gouzenko Defects to Canada

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. A knock on the apartment door froze him in his steps. Another knock, louder, more insistent. The knocking turned to pounding. A voice called his name several times. Finally, the pounding stopped, and he heard footsteps going down the stairs. He knew he needed help.

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  • Interview

    In Conversation with Rod Matheson

    Social Media & Outreach Editor Zach Parrott interviews Rod Matheson for The Canadian Encyclopedia.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/53376be8-b6de-431d-bf44-315cba10770f.jpg In Conversation with Rod Matheson

  • Article

    In Tribute to Peter Lougheed

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    Indian Act (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Indian Act was first created in 1876. A new version was created in 1951. Since then, the Act has been revised several times. The main goal of the Act was to force First Nations peoples to lose their culture and become like Euro-Canadians. The Indian Act does not affect either the Métis or Inuit. (This article is a plain-language summary of the Indian Act. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Indian Act.)

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  • Article

    Internment of Japanese Canadians

    The forcible expulsion and confinement of Japanese Canadians during the Second World War is one of the most tragic sets of events in Canada’s history. Some 21,000–22,000 Japanese Canadians were taken from their homes on Canada’s West Coast, without any charge or due process. Beginning 24 February 1942, they were exiled to remote areas of British Columbia and elsewhere. The federal government stripped them of their property and pressured many of them to accept mass deportation after the war. Those who remained were not allowed to return to the West Coast until 1 April 1949. In 1988, the federal government officially apologized for its treatment of Japanese Canadians. A redress payment of $21,000 was made to each survivor, and more than $12 million was allocated to a community fund and human rights projects. This article is the full-length text on Japanese Internment in Canada. For a plain-language summary, see Internment of Japanese Canadians (Plain-Language Summary).

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  • Article

    Inuit Disc Numbers

    From 1941 to 1978, the Government of Canada issued personal identifying numbers to all Inuit, then referred to as Eskimos, in Canada’s Arctic. The Eskimo Identification system was implemented to identify and register individuals for administrative purposes, such as taking censuses. Each Inuk was given a small leather or pressed fibre disc with a number on it, referred to as their disc number. Ultimately, disc numbers were required for any government interaction, such as keeping track of hunting, trapping, medical services, education, housing, family allowance and getting food and supplies. The system was unique to the Inuit. No other Canadian was required to have a number to access basic services or monitor their actions.

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  • Article

    Iona Campagnolo

    Iona Campagnolo has also had a career as a broadcaster and activist. Beyond Canada, she frequently contributed to current affairs programs on PBS-TV and monitored elections and did human rights work in Africa, Asia and South America.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/52973536-a4e5-4ded-97e2-356f028a6bf6.jpg Iona Campagnolo

  • Editorial

    Irene Parlby and the United Farmers of Alberta

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. Most Canadians, if they have heard of Irene Parlby, know her as one of the “Famous Five.” This group of five Alberta women were plaintiffs in a court case that argued women were indeed persons under the British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867) and thus entitled to be named to the Senate. It was a landmark case in the long struggle by women to achieve political and legal equality in Canada. But Parlby’s historical significance rests on much more than just the Persons Case.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/IreneParlby/UFA_caucus.jpg Irene Parlby and the United Farmers of Alberta

  • Article

    Isaac Buchanan

    Isaac Buchanan, merchant, politician, pamphleteer (b at Glasgow, Scot 21 July 1810; d at Hamilton, Ont 1 Oct 1883). As founder and leading local partner of Upper Canada's largest wholesale firm, he was prominent from 1832 to 1844 in the commerce of Toronto and, after 1851, of Hamilton.

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  • Article

    Ivan Cleveland Rand

    Ivan Cleveland Rand, judge, labour and international arbitrator, educator (b at Moncton, NB 27 Apr 1884; d at London, Ont 2 Jan 1969).

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  • Article

    Ivan Head

    Ivan Leigh Head, public servant (b at Calgary, Alta 28 July 1930). A law graduate of U of A, Head taught law there 1963-67 after stints in private practice and the Dept of External Affairs. In 1967 he served as a constitutional adviser to P.E.

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