Browse "Politics & Law"

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  • Article

    Louise McKinney

    Louise McKinney (née Crummy), Alberta MLA (1917–21), women’s rights activist, lay preacher (born 22 September 1868 in Frankville, ON; died 10 July 1931 in Claresholm, AB). Louise McKinney was the first woman elected to a legislature in Canada and in the British Empire. She was a member of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and a devout Methodist and prohibitionist. She was a pioneer suffragist and one of the Famous Five behind the Persons Case, the successful campaign to have women declared persons in the eyes of British law. She was also instrumental in passing Alberta’s Dower Act in 1917. However, her views on immigration and eugenics have been criticized as racist and elitist. She was named a Person of National Historic Significance in 1939 and an honorary senator in 2009.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/mckinney.jpg Louise McKinney

  • Article

    Loyalists in Canada

    Loyalists were American colonists, of different ethnic backgrounds, who supported the British cause during the American Revolutionary War (1775–83). Tens of thousands of Loyalists migrated to British North America during and after the war. This boosted the population, led to the creation of Upper Canada and New Brunswick, and heavily influenced the politics and culture of what would become Canada.(This is the full-length entry about Loyalists in Canada. For a plain-language summary, please see Loyalists in Canada (Plain-Language Summary).)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/151acf74-3492-4e2d-891d-6a2bada0080c.jpg Loyalists in Canada

  • Article

    William Lyon Mackenzie

    William Lyon Mackenzie, journalist, politician (born 12 March 1795 in Dundee, Scotland; died 28 August 1861 in Toronto, ON). A journalist, Member of the Legislative Assembly, first mayor of Toronto and a leader of the Rebellions of 1837, Mackenzie was a central figure in pre-Confederation political life. His grandson, William Lyon Mackenzie King, was Canada’s longest-serving prime minister.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/5d0eceb5-f423-4b8e-972d-781605284d83.jpg William Lyon Mackenzie

  • Article

    Maggie Vail Murder Case

    In September 1869, berry pickers in Saint John, New Brunswick, discovered the remains of an adult and a child hidden in some bushes. The bodies were soon identified as belonging to Sarah Margaret “Maggie” Vail and her infant daughter, Ella May. Later that month, architect John A. Munroe was charged with the murder of Vail, with whom he had an affair. Although his lawyer argued that Munroe was incapable of murder given his education and social standing — an early example of the “character” defence — he was convicted in December 1869. Munroe eventually confessed to the murders and was executed in February 1870.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Maggie Vail Memorial Nov 2013.JPG Maggie Vail Murder Case

  • Article

    Mahmud Jamal

    Mahmud Jamal, Supreme Court of Canada justice, Court of Appeal for Ontario judge, litigation lawyer, author, teacher (born 1967 in Nairobi, Kenya). Mahmud Jamal is the first racialized person and the first South Asian Canadian to be appointed as a justice to the Supreme Court of Canada. A former Fulbright scholar with a background in law and economics, Jamal worked as a litigator with the Toronto firm Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP before becoming a judge with the Court of Appeal for Ontario. He began serving on the Supreme Court on 1 July 2021.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/CanadianPressPhotos2022/CP139157958.JPG Mahmud Jamal

  • Article

    Maisie Hurley

    Maisie Hurley, née Maisie Amy Campbell-Johnston, Vancouver-area political activist, Indigenous ally (see Indigenous Peoples in Canada), newspaper founder and art collector (born 27 November 1887 in Swansea, Wales; died 3 October 1964 in North Vancouver, British Columbia). Although Hurley had no formal legal training or law degree (see Legal Education), she worked on several legal cases and advocated for Indigenous peoples’ basic human rights as well as for changes to the Indian Act. In 1946, Hurley started a newspaper called The Native Voice that aimed to bring attention to important issues concerning Indigenous communities across Canada (see Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada). In 2011, Hurley’s collection of Indigenous art was displayed at the North Vancouver Museum. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Untitled-11.jpg Maisie Hurley

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    Malcolm Rowe

    Malcolm Rowe, lawyer, public servant, university lecturer, Supreme Court justice (born 1953 in St. John’s, NL). Malcolm Rowe is an expert in international law. After working in the public service in Ottawa and in Newfoundland and Labrador, Rowe served as a justice with the Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court’s trial division and then with its Court of Appeal. He was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada on 28 October 2016. He is the first Supreme Court justice from Newfoundland and Labrador.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/malcolm-rowe-rr-hr.jpg Malcolm Rowe

  • Article

    Margaret Crang

    Margaret Tryphene Francis Crang, lawyer, politician, labour activist (born 30 August 1910 in Edmonton, Alberta; died 3 January 1991 in Vancouver, British Columbia). Margaret Crang was the youngest person ever to serve on the Edmonton City Council; in 1935, she became the first woman to be reelected. She briefly visited the front of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and made headlines by firing a rifle for the Republican forces. Throughout her active career in politics and law, she was an advocate against fascism and for workers’, women’s and immigrants’ rights. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Margaret-Crang.jpg Margaret Crang

  • Article

    Margaret Trudeau

    Margaret Joan (née Sinclair) Trudeau (Kemper), author, actor, photographer, mental health advocate (born 10 September 1948 in North Vancouver, BC). Margaret Trudeau’s marriage to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1971 made her a public figure overnight. The dissolution of their union occurred under withering public scrutiny at a time when traditional roles, for homemakers and political wives alike, were being challenged. As the wife of one prime minister and the mother of another — Justin Trudeau — Margaret Trudeau carved out a public role for herself after revealing her diagnosis with bipolar disorder. In two books and in well-received public speeches, she has been an outspoken advocate for people with mental health issues.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/MargaretTrudeau/Margaret_Trudeau_bandana.jpg Margaret Trudeau

  • Article

    Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier

    Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier, CM, chief (born 15 April 1954 in Regina, SK). Day Walker-Pelletier is the longest-serving elected chief in Canadian history. She was chief of Okanese First Nation, located near Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan, from 1981 to 2020. During her long career, Day Walker-Pelletier accomplished many goals, including establishing the structure, instruments and policies of governance for Okanese First Nation. She also took part in numerous projects related to wellness, social reform and education, focusing primarily on providing support to vulnerable women and children. Day Walker-Pelletier has been a strong advocate for preserving the language, traditions, and treaty rights of Okanese First Nation.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/MarieAnneDayWalkerPelletier/CanadaPostDayWalkerPelletier.png Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier

  • Article

    Irene Parlby

    Mary Irene Parlby (née Marryat), Alberta MLA (1921–35), women’s rights advocate, activist (born 9 January 1868 in London, UK; died 12 July 1965 in Red Deer, AB). Irene Parlby served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Alberta for 14 years. She was the first woman in Alberta, and the second in the British Empire, to be appointed to a cabinet position. One of the Famous Five appellants in the Persons Case, Parlby was a compelling advocate for women’s rights. Known as the “Women’s Minister,” her career in activism and legislation was dedicated to improving the lives of rural women and children, such as with Alberta’s Dower Act in 1917. She was also a delegate to the League of Nations in 1930. However, she has also been criticized for her views on eugenics and for her support of Alberta’s Sexual Sterilization Act. She was named a Person of National Historic Significance in 1966 and an honorary senator in 2009.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/03fc05ba-3419-4203-909e-34b38f6b5376.jpg Irene Parlby

  • Article

    Mary John Batten

    Mary John Batten (née Fodchuk), lawyer, politician, justice and chief justice of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen’s Bench (born 30 August 1921 in Sifton, MB; died 9 October 2015). Mary John Batten was the first Ukrainian Canadian woman elected to a Canadian legislature. She served as an MLA in Saskatchewan from 1956 until 1964. That year, she became the first woman to be appointed as a federal judge in Saskatchewan, and only the second in Canada. In 1983, she became Saskatchewan’s first female chief justice. She also chaired a Saskatchewan royal commission. She retired from the bench in 1989.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/DCI-images/Mary-John-Batten-final.jpg Mary John Batten

  • Article

    Mary Simon

    Mary Jeannie May Simon (Ningiukudluk), CC, OQ 30th governor general of Canada, diplomat, civil servant, (born 21 August 1947 in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, QC). Mary Simon is an advocate for international cooperation in the Arctic and Indigenous education and rights. She has held multiple roles in the civil service, including secretary and co-director of policy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, secretary to the board of directors of the Northern Quebec Inuit Association, and member of the Nunavut Implementation Commission. She was also the first vice president of the Makivik Corporation and the first Inuk in Canada to hold the rank of ambassador. Simon has served as the president of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and of what is now the Inuit Circumpolar Council. On 26 July 2021, Simon became Canada’s 30th Governor General and the first Indigenous person to serve in that role.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/MarySimon.jpg Mary Simon

  • Article

    Vincent Massey

    Charles Vincent Massey, PC, CC, governor general 1952-59, historian, business executive, politician, diplomat, royal commissioner, patron of the arts (born 20 February 1887 in Toronto; died 30 December 1967 in London, England). Massey was the country’s first Canadian-born governor general. He helped create the Order of Canada in 1967, and as a champion of the arts in Canada laid the groundwork for the Canada Council, the National Library of Canada and the National Arts Centre.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/192ab9c4-8241-4b0d-bb1c-d675696b89f7.jpg Vincent Massey

  • Article

    Massey Commission

    The Massey Commission was formally known as the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences. It was officially appointed by Prime Minister Louis St-Laurent on 8 April 1949. Its purpose was to investigate the state of arts and culture in Canada. Vincent Massey chaired the Commission. It issued its landmark report, the Massey Report, on 1 June 1951. The report advocated for the federal funding of a wide range of cultural activities. It also made a series of recommendations that resulted in the founding of the National Library of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada), the creation of the Canada Council for the Arts, federal aid for universities, and the conservation of Canada’s historic places, among other initiatives. The recommendations that were made by the Massey Report, and enacted by the federal government, are generally seen as the first major steps to nurture, preserve and promote Canadian culture.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/6dc56c29-5a10-4fff-ad08-000dc347c1e4.jpg Massey Commission