Browse "Government"

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Prime Minister of Canada

The prime minister (PM) is the head of the federal government. It is the most powerful position in Canadian politics. Prime ministers are not specifically elected to the position; instead, the PM is typically the leader of the party that has the most seats in the House of Commons. The prime minister controls the governing party and speaks for it; names senators and senior judges for appointment; and appoints and dismisses all members of Cabinet. As chair of Cabinet, the PM controls its agenda and greatly influences the activities and priorities of Parliament. In recent years, a debate has emerged about the growing power of prime ministers, and whether this threatens other democratic institutions.
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Article

Prime Minister's Office

The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is a central agency that came into its own in the late 1960s.
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Article

Prime Suspects: Canada's Prime Ministers, Caricatured

In this exhibit of political artwork, cartoonist Bruce MacKinnon marks 2017, Canada's 150 birthday, with caricatures of the country's 23 prime ministers.
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Article

Privy Council

Privy Council is a common name for the King’s Privy Council for Canada. It is also known as His Majesty’s Privy Council for Canada. It was established (as the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada) under the Constitution Act, 1867. Its purpose is to advise the Crown (the reigning monarch).
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Macleans

Provinces Assess Economic Future

With the exception of Nova Scotia, every province has tabled its 1998-1999 budget.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 8, 1998
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Article

Provincial Government in Canada

Under Canada’s federal system, the powers of government are shared between the federal government and 10 provincial governments. The Constitution Act, 1867 granted specific jurisdiction to the provinces in 16 areas, compared to 29 for the federal government. However, provincial powers have expanded since then. Provinces can levy direct taxation and derive most of their non-tax revenue from the use of public lands and natural resources. Provincial governments in Canada are modelled on the British Westminster parliamentary tradition and reflect the principles of responsible government. They comprise an elected legislative assembly, from which a governing cabinet is selected by the premier. The lieutenant-governor assents to legislation as the representative of the Crown.
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Article

Provincial Orders

On 9 May 1991 Provincial Orders were incorporated into the Order of Precedence for Canadian Orders, Declarations and Medals through Order in Council approved by the government of Canada.
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Public Administration

Public administration has no generally accepted definition. The scope of the subject is so great and so debatable that it is easier to explain than define. Public administration is both a field of study, or a discipline, and a field of practice, or an occupation.
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Public Debt

Public debt is any financial liability held by a government. Governments undertake these debts in any period when their spending exceeds their revenues. To make up the difference — or deficit — they will sell IOUs to the general public. These IOUs — or bonds — oblige the government to repay the loan with interest. In Canada, financial borrowing is a regular part of fiscal policy at the federal and provincial levels. Municipalities, however, are constitutionally bound to balance their budgets. They can only take on long-term debt for capital projects.
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Article

Public Ownership

Public ownership refers to government provision of goods and services; the commercial or business activities of the STATE.
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Article

Public Service

The public service, also known as the civil service, is the public BUREAUCRACY comprising, in Canada, departmental organizations that support the political executive in the development, implementation and enforcement of government policies.
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Article

Quebec Conference, 1864 (Plain-Language Summary)

From 10–27 October 1864, leaders from the five British North American colonies met in Quebec City. They continued to talk about merging into a single country. These talks had begun at the Charlottetown Conference the month before. At Quebec City, the Fathers of Confederation chose how the new Parliament would be structured. They also worked out the division of powers between the federal and provincial governments. The decisions that were made in Charlottetown and Quebec formed 72 resolutions. They were known as the Quebec Resolutions. They formed the basis of Confederation and of Canada’s Constitution. This article is a plain-language summary of the Quebec Conference, 1864. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Quebec Conference, 1864.
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Macleans

Quebec's New Mood

Ah, Quebec.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on October 14, 2002
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Article

Question Period

Each day the House of Commons is in session, 45 minutes is allocated for members of Parliament to ask questions of government ministers and of the prime minister. Question Period — formally called Oral Questions — is an important method of ensuring that the government answers to the people, represented by the opposition parties, and is held accountable for its actions.
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Article

Reciprocity (Plain-Language Summary)

Reciprocity was a free trade deal between the United States and Canada. (Reciprocity is when both sides give and receive.) The deal reduced import duties and tariffs on certain goods traded between the two countries. It was in effect from 1854 to 1866. It was at times a source of great controversy in both countries. It was replaced in 1878 by the National Policy. It was a more protectionist policy. It imposed tariffs on imported goods. This shielded manufacturers in Canada from US competition. A more limited reciprocity deal was reached in 1935. It ended in 1948 after both countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This article is a plain-language summary of Reciprocity. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: Reciprocity.
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