Browse "Politics"
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Canada and the League of Nations
The League of Nations was an organization of 63 countries established in 1919, after the First World War. Canada was a founding member. The League ultimately failed in its aim of collective security. It was replaced by the United Nations at the end of the Second World War. However, the League of Nations did establish a new model for international organizations. League membership brought Canada its first official contact with foreign governments and helped to establish its position as a sovereign state. It also introduced Canada to the opportunities and challenges of international co-operation and peacekeeping.
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Article
League of Nations Society in Canada
The League of Nations Society in Canada was founded 1921 to promote international peace by developing public knowledge of and support for the League of Nations. With headquarters in Ottawa, it operated until 1942. Its presidents included such public figures as Sir Robert Borden, Sir George Foster, Ernest Lapointe and Cairine Wilson. John W. Dafoe, Newton W. Rowell and J.S. Woodsworth served on its national council. The society's activities were primarily promotional and educational. It distributed league publications and its own monthly, Interdependence, and sponsored speaking tours and radio broadcasts by supporters. It was the first Canadian organization to encourage public interest in and understanding of international affairs.
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Lend-Lease
Lend-Lease, an Act of the US Congress passed March 1941, providing for the transfer of American war materials to Britain and its allies in return for theoretical deferred payment.
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Article
Letters Patent, 1947
The Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada, usually shortened to Letters Patent, 1947, was an edict issued by King George VI that expanded the role of the governor general, allowing him or her to exercise prerogatives of the sovereign. While Letters Patent delegated Crown prerogatives to the governor general, the sovereign remains Head of State.
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London Conference
From 4 December 1866 to March 1867, politicians from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick met with delegates of the British government in London. This was the last of three conferences — after the Charlottetown Conference and Quebec Conference in 1864 — that were held to determine the constitutional details of Confederation. The Quebec Resolutions — 72 points that had been agreed upon in Quebec City — were reviewed and amended. They formed the basis of the British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). It was passed by the British Parliament and received Queen Victoria’s Royal Assent on 29 March 1867.
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London Conference (Plain-Language Summary)
The London Conference took place in London, England, from 4 December 1866 to March 1867. Politicians from British North America met with members of the British government. This was the last of three conferences that were held to work out the legal details of Confederation. The first two were the Charlottetown Conference and Quebec Conference. They were both held in 1864. The Quebec Resolutions were agreed upon in Quebec City. They were reviewed and updated in London. They formed the basis of the British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). It is the foundation of Canada’s Constitution. It was passed by the British Parliament. It received Queen Victoria’s Royal Assent on 29 March 1867. This article is a plain-language summary of the London Conference. If you would like to read about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: London Conference.
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Macleans
Lord Encouraged to Lead Tories
It takes a political animal to know one.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on October 7, 2002
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Macleans
Lord's First 200 Days
His absence was, in reality, due to a bout of flu. But many nights, Lord's tan minivan is the last vehicle in the parking lot behind the government buildings. His heavy workload has even reduced the premier to working out at home, instead of his usual fitness regimen of ball hockey and racquetball.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 17, 2000
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Article
Mackenzie King and the War Effort
Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King guided the country through six painful years of conflict, oversaw a massive war effort and made surprisingly few errors in a period of tremendous turmoil, change and anguish.
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Magna Carta
The 1215 agreement between King John of England and his barons provided the foundation for English common law, which spread throughout the English-speaking world. Magna Carta is the first example of a king of England consenting to written limits on his power drafted by his subjects. The Magna Carta (or Great Charter) informs the legal system in English Canada, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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Manifest Destiny
The term Manifest Destiny was first used in 1845 by New York City journalist John Louis O’Sullivan. He used the term in the context of America’s annexation of the Republic of Texas. Manifest Destiny represented the idea that it was America’s right — its destiny, in fact — to expand across all of North America. Politicians and citizens in the United States called for the US to expand by claiming control of British territory. This included the Province of Canada (formerly Upper Canada and Lower Canada), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
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Manitoba Act
The Manitoba Act provided for the admission of Manitoba as Canada’s fifth province. It received royal assent and became law on 12 May 1870. It marked the legal resolution of the struggle for self-determination between people of the Red River Colony and the federal government, which began with Canada’s purchase of Rupert’s Land in 1870. The Act contained protections for the region’s Métis. However, these protections were not fully realized. As a result, many Métis left the province for the North-West Territories.
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Article
Manitoba and Confederation
Canada’s fifth province, Manitoba entered Confederation with the passing of the Manitoba Act on 12 May 1870. The Assiniboine, Dakota, Cree and Dene peoples had occupied the land for up to 15,000 years. Since 1670, it was part of Rupert’s Land and was controlled by the Hudson’s Bay Company. The Canadian government purchased Rupert’s Land at the behest of William McDougall, Manitoba’s Father of Confederation. No residents of the area were consulted about the transfer; in response, Louis Riel and the Métis led the Red River Resistance. It resulted in an agreement to join Confederation. Ottawa agreed to help fund the new provincial government, give roughly 1.4 million acres of land to the Métis, and grant the province four seats in Parliament. However, Canada mismanaged its promise to guarantee the Métis their land rights. The resulting North-West Resistance in 1885 led to the execution of Riel. The creation of Manitoba — which, unlike the first four provinces, did not control its natural resources — revealed Ottawa’s desire to control western development.
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Macleans
Manning's United Alternative
Preston Mannings patience is wearing thin. Six months after the Reform leader launched his bid to unite his party with Conservatives - and anyone else willing to take on the Liberals - he is getting tired of hearing about all the problems he faces in forging such a coalition.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on November 23, 1998
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Macleans
Martin, Chretien Gird for Battle
It was appropriate that as he embarked on the biggest political gamble of his life, Paul Martin chose to talk about wavering at the edge of the Rubicon.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on June 17, 2002
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