History | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Plain-Language Summary)

    The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) started working in 2008. It was a result of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA). The IRSSA recognized the suffering and trauma experienced by Indigenous students at residential schools. It also provided financial compensation (money) to the students. The TRC performed many tasks. It created a national research centre. It collected documents from churches and government. It held events where students told their stories. Also, it did research about residential schools and issued a final report. (See also  Reconciliation in Canada.)

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  • Macleans

    TWA Flight 800 Disaster

    Two thunderclaps on an otherwise still night, plummeting balls of flame in the sky, and seconds later, a return to a now-eerie silence.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 29, 1996

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  • Article

    Ukrainian Internment in Canada

    Canada’s first national internment operations took place during the First World War, between 1914 and 1920. More than 8,500 men, along with some women and children, were interned by the Canadian government, which acted under the authority of the War Measures Act. Most internees were recent immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian, German and Ottoman empires, and mainly from the western Ukrainian regions of Galicia and Bukovyna. Some were Canadian-born or naturalized British subjects. They were held in 24 receiving stations and internment camps across the country — from Nanaimo, BC, to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Many were used as labour in the country’s frontier wilderness. Personal wealth and property were confiscated and much of it was never returned.

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  • Article

    Underground Railroad

    The Underground Railroad was a secret network of abolitionists (people who wanted to abolish slavery). They helped African Americans escape from enslavement in the American South to free Northern states or to Canada. The Underground Railroad was the largest anti-slavery freedom movement in North America. It brought between 30,000 and 40,000 fugitives to British North America (now Canada).This is the full-length entry about the Underground Railroad. For a plain language summary, please see The Underground Railroad (Plain-Language Summary).

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  • Article

    United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada

    The United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada (UELAC) is a national organization that brings together descendants of United Empire Loyalists and promotes their memory and history through conferences, research, the maintenance of plaques and monuments and other such works. Membership is also open to those without Loyalist heritage. There are 28 branches in Canada, located in all provinces except Newfoundland and Labrador.

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  • Macleans

    Unsafe at any speed?

    As Lac-Mégantic searches for a way forward, more troubling questions emerge about moving oil by railThis article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on July 29, 2013

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  • Article

    Unsinkable Obsession: the RMS Titanic

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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  • Article

    Upper Canada

    Upper Canada was the predecessor of modern-day Ontario. It was created in 1791 by the division of the old Province of Quebec into Lower Canada in the east and Upper Canada in the west. Upper Canada was a wilderness society settled largely by Loyalists and land-hungry farmers moving north from the United States. Upper Canada endured the War of 1812 with America, William Lyon Mackenzie’s Rebellion of 1837, the colonial rule of the Family Compact and half a century of economic and political growing pains. With the Act of Union in 1841, it was renamed Canada West and merged with Lower Canada (Canada East) into the Province of Canada.

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  • Article

    Vancouver Feature: Asahis Win Terminal City Championship

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. During the 1920s Oppenheimer Park, also known as the Powell Street Grounds, was home to the best baseball team in the city. The Asahi drew its members from the surrounding Japanese-Canadian community. It all ended with the outbreak of World War Two.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/7bd7e2c8-07d9-4cf2-931c-5dd2665c08e1.jpg Vancouver Feature: Asahis Win Terminal City Championship

  • Editorial

    Vancouver Feature: Canada’s First Gas Station Opens for Business

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. The first gasoline-powered automobile had arrived in Vancouver in 1904, and there were not many more by 1907. But that year someone in the local Imperial Oil office determined that filling cars with a bucket and funnel was not very safe. So the first Canadian filling station — a hot-water tank and a garden hose — was set up at the company’s storage yard at Cambie and Smithe.

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  • Editorial

    Vancouver Feature: Fledgling City Incinerated in Minutes

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. It was a scorching summer day, but a strong breeze was blowing from Burrard Inlet. Workers were burning off timber they had cleared from Canadian Pacific Railway lands. With a sudden gust, the wood frame buildings of tiny Vancouver were aflame. Twenty-five minutes later, there wasn’t much left of the two-month-old city.

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  • Article

    Vancouver Feature: Gassy Jack Lands on the Burrard Shore

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. When Capt. Jack Deighton and his family pulled their canoe onto the south shore of the Burrrard Inlet in 1867, Jack was on one more search for riches. He had been a sailor on British and American ships, rushed for gold in California and the Cariboo, piloted boats on the Fraser River and ran a tavern in New Westminster. He was broke again, but he wasted no time in starting a new business and building the settlement that would become Vancouver.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d42db575-2f13-49ab-96f0-7fc7e79eb690.jpg Vancouver Feature: Gassy Jack Lands on the Burrard Shore

  • Editorial

    Vancouver Feature: Japanese-Canadians Held at Hastings Park

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. For a century the Pacific National Exhibition has entertained families each summer with a mix of hair-raising Midway rides, live music and agricultural exhibits. But in 1942 the fun fair was a prison camp for thousands of displaced Japanese-Canadians

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/0bec6156-0467-4a97-909f-da599383381d.jpg Vancouver Feature: Japanese-Canadians Held at Hastings Park

  • Editorial

    Vancouver Feature: Mob Storms Chinatown and Japantown

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. The events of September 7, 1907 began with an evening parade down Hastings Street. 5,000 men, white badges fluttering from their buttonholes, marched and listened to fiery speeches on the perils of Asian immigration. Then someone shouted “On to Chinatown!” and all hell broke loose.

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  • Article

    Vancouver Feature: The Bay’s Days

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. The Hudson’s Bay Company staked its claim to the northeast corner of Georgia and Granville in 1893. Through changes in fashion, technology and politics — as well as some architectural refinements — it has remained there ever since.

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