Communities & Sociology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Nine Hour Movement

    The Nine Hour Movement was an international phenomenon, taking place in Canada between January and June 1872. The movement’s goal was to standardize shorter working days.

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  • Article

    Nipissing (Nbisiing) First Nation

    Nipissing (also Nbisiing) First Nation people are of Algonquin and Ojibwe descent. (See also Anishinaabe and Algonquian.) The First Nation is made up of several communities along the north shore of Lake Nipissing. Their motto is an affirmation for protection of A-Kii (land), Bemaadzijik (people) and E-Niigaanwang (future). Nipissing First Nation was the first Anishinaabe nation in Ontario to ratify their own constitution in 2014. The population of Nipissing First Nation, as of November 2020, is 2,909. Two-thirds of the population reside off-reserve, while 916 live on-reserve.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/NipissingFirstNation/NFNGardenVillage.jpg Nipissing (Nbisiing) First Nation

  • Article

    Nisga'a

    The Nisga’a are the original occupants of the Nass River Valley of Northwestern British Columbia. As of 2021, 1,794 Nisga’a continue to live on traditional lands in this area. In the 2021 Census, 4,890 people identified as Nisga’a. Granted self-government in a landmark case in 2000, the Nisga’a Lisims Government now governs the Nisga’a nation.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/6c6fbfac-3c49-4d28-afd9-afbac5a5d336.jpg Nisga'a

  • Macleans

    Nisga'a Land Treaty

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on July 27, 1998. Partner content is not updated. A mere 111 years after a group of northwestern B.C. natives first asked Ottawa and Victoria for a treaty confirming their title to hundreds of square kilometres of the remote and lovely Nass River valley, their descendants may finally be on the verge of satisfaction.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Nisga'a Land Treaty

  • Article

    Niska Archaeological Site

    The Niska site (Borden No. DkNu-3) covers an area of 64 ha in southwestern Saskatchewan, east of the town of Ponteix.

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  • Article

    No. 2 Construction Battalion

    On 5 July 1916, the Department of Defence and Militia authorized the formation of No. 2 Construction Battalion. It was the largest Black unit in Canadian history. Its members continued the proud tradition of service to king and country that went back to the American Revolution and continued through the War of 1812 and the Rebellions of 1837–38 to the start of the First World War. But there were many obstacles: Black soldiers and communities faced racism both at home and overseas, despite their commitment to the war effort.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d2114b98-ef0d-4e98-aa49-892b095d77cc.jpg No. 2 Construction Battalion

  • Article

    Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)

    Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) are Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast in Canada. When explorer Captain James Cook encountered Nuu-chah-nulth villagers at Yuquot (Nootka Island, west of Vancouver Island) in 1778, he misunderstood the name for their nation to be Nootka, the term historically used to describe the Nuu-chah-nulth. The inlet where Cook first encountered the Nuu-chah-nulth is now known as Nootka Sound. In 1978, the Nuu-chah-nulth chose the collective term Nuu-chah-nulth (nuučaan̓uł, meaning “all along the mountains and sea”) to describe the First Nations of western Vancouver Island. In the 2016 census, 4,310 people identified as having Nuu-chah-nulth ancestry, 380 people reported the Nuu-chah-nulth language as their mother tongue.

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  • Article

    Nootka Sound

    The first inhabitants of the region were the Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka), who made their living by hunting and fishing. They were the only Indigenous people in Canada to specialize in whaling and were the first in BC to meet Europeans.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d2d6f5a8-56c9-4d05-832e-7ea947ed645f.jpg Nootka Sound

  • Article

    Norman McLeod

    Norman McLeod, Presbyterian minister (b at Point of Stoer, Scot 29 Sept 1780; d at Waipu, NZ 14 Mar 1866). McLeod, a teacher and lay preacher, moved to Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1817.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Norman McLeod

  • Article

    Norse Voyages

    Retracing Bjarni’s route in reverse, Leif explored three distinct regions. In the north was Helluland, Land of Stone Slabs, an area that had nothing but glaciers, mountains and rock. This must be the area from the Torngat Mountains to Baffin Island.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/67bd8e2c-dd2e-4e06-8cb1-542f09e45cd5.jpg Norse Voyages

  • Article

    North-West Resistance

    The North-West Resistance (or North-West Rebellion) was a violent, five-month insurgency against the Canadian government, fought mainly by Métis and their First Nations allies in what is now Saskatchewan and Alberta. It was caused by rising fear and insecurity among the Métis and First Nations peoples as well as the white settlers of the rapidly changing West. A series of battles and other outbreaks of violence in 1885 left hundreds of people dead, but the resisters were eventually defeated by federal troops. The result was the permanent enforcement of Canadian law in the West, the subjugation of Plains Indigenous Peoples in Canada, and the conviction and hanging of Louis Riel.

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  • Article

    North-West Schools Question

    The North-West Schools Question was a conflict between church and state for control of education in the North-West Territories (now Saskatchewan and Alberta) in the late-19th century. The controversy was similar to other educational crises across Canada, and reflected the larger national debate about the future of Canada as a bilingual and bicultural country.

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  • Article

    Northern Youth Abroad

    Northern Youth Abroad is a registered not-for-profit charity. Since 1998, it has provided education and travel opportunities for over 550 young people, aged 15 to 22, from every community in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The programs are designed to foster cross-cultural awareness and global citizenship, while building the self-confidence and self-esteem necessary to help develop life and career goals.

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  • Article

    Northwest Coast Indigenous Art

    More than 3,000 years ago, Indigenous peoples of the coast of British Columbia (and adjacent areas of Washington State and southeastern Alaska) such as the Haida and Kwakwaka'wakw developed artistic traditions that are heralded throughout the world for their imaginative and stylistic qualities.

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  • Article

    Northwest Coast Language Families

    Northwest Coast Language Families Northwest Coast Language Families Language Family Groups Tlingit isolate* Tsimshian Coast Tsimshian, Gitksan, Southern Tsimshian Wakashan Haisla, Heiltsuk, Kwakiutl, Nitinat, Nootka Haida isolate* Salishan Bella Coola, Comox, Halkomelem * spoken by only one group 

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