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  • Article

    Hydrography

    Hydrography is the science of surveying, charting and describing physical features of Oceans, seas, Rivers and Lakes. 

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  • Article

    Hydrology

    Quantitative measurements of rainfall, snowfall, the rate at which water penetrates into and moves through soil, streamflow, the rise and fall of LAKE and GROUNDWATER levels, and the evapotranspiration of water into the atmosphere are vital.

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  • Article

    Hypo Helmet

    The Hypo Helmet (or “Smoke Helmet”) was an early gas mask developed by Newfoundland doctor Captain Cluny Macpherson during the First World War. Macpherson began working on the Hypo Helmet after the Germany army launched its first chlorine gas attack at the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915. The British army began issuing the Hypo Helmet to Canadian and British soldiers in May 1915. The design was soon modified, resulting in the P, PH and PHG Helmets. By war’s end, 2.5 million Hypo Helmets had been issued. The gas mask was one of the most important innovations of the First World War.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/GasMask/HypoHelmet.jpg Hypo Helmet

  • Article

    I. Suckling & Sons

    I. Suckling & Sons. Music publishers and retailers in Toronto ca 1875-ca 1894. Isaac Suckling was a retired English bandmaster and music teacher; his son George H.

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  • Article

    Ice

     Ice, including snow, is the solid phase of water. It is useful to think of it this way rather than as "frozen water" because water can achieve the solid phase through the freezing of liquid water or by direct deposition (sublimation) of water vapour, its gaseous phase.

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  • Article

    Ice Age

    Ice Age, the Pleistocene epoch of geologic time, during which periodic, extensive glacial activity occurred in many parts of the world.

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  • Article

    Ice Cap

    ​Ice caps are large masses of ice that rest on land and cover most of the underlying landscape.

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  • Article

    Ice Hockey in Canada

    Hockey is Canada's official national winter sport and perhaps its greatest contribution to world sport. Canada is considered the birthplace of ice hockey, and Canadians generally regard the sport as their own.

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  • Article

    Ice Skating

    Ice skating probably originated in Scandinavia over 2000 years ago as a means of transportation. 

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  • Article

    Ice Storm of 1998

    The ice storm of 1998 was one of the largest natural disasters in Canadian history. Between 4 and 10 January 1998, sections of the St. Lawrence Valley from Kingston to Québec’s Eastern Townships received up to 100 mm of ice pellets and freezing rain — more than double the icy precipitation normally received in those areas in a whole year. The storm claimed as many as 35 lives, injured 945, and resulted in the temporary displacement of 600,000 people. Several roads were shut down and massive power outages occurred, cutting off electricity for nearly 1.4 million customers in Québec and over 230,000 in eastern Ontario. The total financial cost of the storm is estimated at $5.4 billion.

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  • Article

    Ice-Worm

    Ice-Worm is a common name for Mesenchytraeus solifugus, a dark-pigmented oligochaete worm (see Annelida) up to 4 cm long, found in tangled masses in the melting ice of glaciers in the Pacific Northwest.

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  • Article

    Iceberg

    An iceberg is a piece of ice that has become detached from its parent glacier by a process known as calving.

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  • Article

    Icebreakers

    Icebreakers were first used in the Canadian Arctic in the 1920s to deliver supplies and services to Native and isolated settlements during the short summer season, and to back up claims of Canadian sovereignty over the NORTHWEST PASSAGE and ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO.

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  • Article

    Icelandic Music In Canada

    The first large group of Icelanders arrived in Canada in 1873 and by 1875 had settled on the western shore of Lake Winnipeg. Their colony (which included present-day Gimli and Riverton, Man), was known as New Iceland, was self-governing, and had its own constitution.

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  • Article

    Iconic Highways in Canada

    Canada’s most iconic highways were all built in the 20th or 21st centuries. Before the car became popular, good roads were hard to find once you left a city. As simple as they seem, it’s expensive to build and maintain roads. Rural routes were often treacherous for travelers. Modern highways connect our massive country. A few of them stand out for their length, origins, or wondrous landscapes.

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