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  • Article

    Charlottetown Accord

    The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed attempt by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution. The goal was to obtain Quebec’s consent to the Constitution Act, 1982. The Accord would have recognized Quebec as a distinct society; decentralized many federal powers to the provinces; addressed the issue of Indigenous self-government; and reformed the Senate and the House of Commons. The Accord had the approval of the federal government and all 10 provincial governments. But it was rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum on 26 October 1992.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/8d1b4b1d-ce97-42aa-99a7-f4e33c1f6b7a.jpg Charlottetown Accord

  • Article

    Québec Values Charter

    The contents of the Québec values charter were unveiled on 10 September 2013, by Bernard Drainville, a member of Pauline Marois’ Parti Québécois government and Minister responsible for Democratic Institutions and Active Citizenship. The goal of this highly anticipated charter was the creation of a secular society — a society in which religion and the state are completely separate. The result of numerous controversies in the media and in Québec society regarding reasonable accommodation, the charter encouraged religious neutrality by means of five “proposals.” One of the proposals was a ban on the wearing of any visible symbol indicating a religious affiliation, including a turban, hijab or kippah, by public servants when they are providing services to the public. The charter sparked controversy in Québec and divided the Québécois. On 7 November 2013, Drainville officially tabled the bill (Bill 60) in Québec’s National Assembly.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/aa124fea-cca4-4d56-8176-2b8fa9c2da28.jpg Québec Values Charter

  • Article

    The Charter of the Forest

    ​The 1217 Charter of the Forest (Carta de Foresta) is a companion document to the Magna Carta of 1215.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/12f085dc-bd2e-4629-b64e-74e579809d83.jpg The Charter of the Forest

  • Article

    Quebec Film History: 1896 to 1969

    This entry presents an overview of Quebec cinema, from its beginnings in the silent film era to the burgeoning of a distinctly Quebec cinema in the 1960s. It highlights the most important films, whether in terms of box office success or international acclaim, and covers both narrative features and documentaries. It also draws attention to an aspect of filmmaking that still has difficulty finding its place: women’s cinema.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/3b079b6b-0ea3-47b4-8e14-62d48630fb39.jpg Quebec Film History: 1896 to 1969

  • Article

    The Clarity Act (Bill C-20)

    Bill C-20, the bill known as the Clarity Act gives effect to the requirement for clarity set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Québec Secession Reference.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Clarity Act (Bill C-20)

  • Collection

    The Constitution

    A Constitution is the system of laws and conventions by which a state governs itself; the basic law of a country; the law of laws. This collection brings together all of The Canadian Encyclopedia's content around the Constitution. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ea0ae3c1-f33c-4ff2-9cc0-5710b01da816.jpg The Constitution

  • Article

    The Craft of Motion Picture Making

    Perhaps more than any other art form, filmmaking is a collaborative art. Although in our celebrity-obsessed culture the actors or "stars" get the lion's share of attention, by the time any film reaches the screen, hundreds of craftspeople have had a hand in getting it there.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Craft of Motion Picture Making

  • Editorial

    Editorial: The Death of the Meech Lake Accord

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. On a Sunday evening, 3 June 1990, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the ten provincial premiers marked the third anniversary of the Meech Lake Accord at a dinner in the architectural splendour of the Canadian Museum of Civilization (now the Canadian Museum of History) in Hull, Quebec.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/73c1f655-bfcc-4aa6-9251-c0d5c550fde4.jpg Editorial: The Death of the Meech Lake Accord

  • Editorial

    The 1704 Raid on Deerfield

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d349c3ec-f959-45b6-a8e5-9f3c67a1e498.jpg The 1704 Raid on Deerfield

  • Editorial

    Acadian Expulsion (the Great Upheaval)

    Soldiers rounding up terrified civilians, expelling them from their land, burning their homes and crops ‒ it sounds like a 20th century nightmare in one of the world's trouble spots, but it describes a scene from Canada's early history, the Deportation of the Acadians.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Acadian still.png Acadian Expulsion (the Great Upheaval)

  • Article

    The Discovery of Insulin

    For many years scientists believed that some kind of internal secretion of the pancreas was the key to preventing diabetes and controlling normal metabolism. No one could find it, until in the summer of 1921 a team at the University of Toronto began trying a new experimental approach suggested by Dr. Frederick Banting. By the spring of 1922, the Toronto researchers — Banting, Charles Best, J.B. Collip and their supervisor, J.J.R. Macleod, were able to announce the discovery of insulin. In 1923, Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize for one of the most important, and most controversial, breakthroughs in modern medical history (see Nobel Prizes and Canada).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/17ef3a3e-66f3-42e0-b5a8-f4bdeb10c528.jpg The Discovery of Insulin

  • Editorial

    The Discovery of Insulin

    Diabetes is a debilitating illness caused by the body's inability to metabolize food. Other researchers knew that the disease was related to the pancreas, but had no idea how. The prognosis for those who developed the disease early was dismal.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/17ef3a3e-66f3-42e0-b5a8-f4bdeb10c528.jpg The Discovery of Insulin

  • Article

    The Donnellys

    Early in the morning of 4 Feb 1880, a party of armed men brutally murdered James Donnelly, a farmer living near the village of LUCAN, Ont, his wife Johannah, his sons Thomas and John, and his niece Bridget Donnelly.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The Donnellys

  • Editorial

    The arrival of Doukhobors in Canada (1899)

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 The arrival of Doukhobors in Canada (1899)

  • Article

    The American Response to the Canadian Rebellions of 1837–38

    By December 1837 and January 1838, rebels from Upper and Lower Canada had suffered heavy defeats at the hands of British and Loyalist forces. (See: Rebellion in Lower Canada; Rebellion in Upper Canada.) They fled to the United States to seek financial and military assistance. The American public was aware that there had been armed conflicts in the Canadas. Many were even initially supportive. However, the presence of Canadian rebels on American soil forced many to question American involvement. The growing tensions with Great Britain over the Caroline Affair complicated matters. The creation of the Republic of Texas and the fight over the abolition of slavery were also factors. In January 1838, US President Martin Van Buren took steps to ensure America’s neutrality in the Canadian rebellions.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/a4abe204-c34a-4e1d-95d4-4b754e7b9598.jpg The American Response to the Canadian Rebellions of 1837–38