Indigenous Peoples | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Roberta Jamieson

    Roberta Louise Jamieson, OC, Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk) lawyer, ombudsman, Six Nations chief, policy advisor, senior mediator, businesswoman (born in 1953 at Six Nations of the Grand River Territory near Brantford, ON). Jamieson was the first Indigenous woman in Canada to earn a law degree (1976); first non-Parliamentarian appointed to a House of Commons committee (1982); first woman appointed ombudsman in Ontario (1989); and first woman elected as Six Nations chief (2001).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/RobertaJamieson/Roberta Jamieson.png Roberta Jamieson

  • Article

    Romeo Saganash

    Romeo Saganash, lawyer, politician, advocate for Indigenous rights (born 28 October 1962 in Waswanipi, a Cree community southeast of James Bay in central Quebec). Saganash is Quebec’s first Indigenous Member of Parliament and the province’s first Cree person to receive an undergraduate law degree. He is believed to be the first Indigenous leader in Canada to run for the leadership of a major political party. For the last 20 years, Saganash has represented the Cree at numerous national and international forums concerning Indigenous issues. He spent 23 years helping to negotiate the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples — a resolution that provides a framework to implement treaty rights between First Peoples and Canada and to fulfill other obligations in international agreements. He has spent his life furthering the economic, environmental, legal and constitutional rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada, particularly the Cree in the James Bay region.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Romeo-Saganash.jpg Romeo Saganash

  • Article

    Rooster Town

    Rooster Town was a largely Métis community that existed on the southwest fringes of suburban Winnipeg from 1901 until the late 1950s. While there were numerous urban Métis fringe communities on the Prairies and in British Columbia, their history has been relatively forgotten. (See also Métis Road Allowance Communities.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/093c5c4d-cdd7-4fe5-b8d1-753c6c5a7dd9.jpg Rooster Town

  • Article

    Sadlermiut Inuit

    Sadlermiut were the inhabitants of three islands in Hudson Bay: Southampton (Salliq), Coats and Walrus. The original Sadlermiut were annihilated by disease in 1902-03.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Sadlermiut Inuit

  • Article

    Central Coast Salish

    Central Coast Salish peoples historically occupied and continue to reside in territories around the Lower Fraser Valley and on southeast Vancouver Island in Canada. They include the Squamish, Klallum, Halkomelem and Northern Straits peoples.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/a026c04c-3499-4f8d-b8cb-9e9cd56fd312.jpg Central Coast Salish

  • Article

    Northern Coast Salish

    Northern Coast Salish peoples live along the northern half of the Strait of Georgia, east-central Vancouver Island and the western part of the mainland. Northern Coast Salish peoples include the Pentl'ach, K’ómoks (Comox) and Shíshálh (Sechelt). (See also Indigenous Territory.) 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/d6f1524a-e22b-472c-a2d8-95d79d32e329.jpg Northern Coast Salish

  • Article

    Sandra Birdsell

    Sandra Birdsell (née Sandra Bartlette), CM, Mennonite-Métis, short-story writer, novelist (born 22 April 1942 in Hamiota, MB). Birdsell’s fiction often investigates the lives of small-town characters, especially women. She has written novels, plays, radio dramas and scripts for television and film. Appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2010, Birdsell has been nominated for the Governor General’s Literary Award for English Language Fiction three times, and for the Scotiabank Giller Prize in 2001.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/SandraBirdsell/Sandra Birdsell.jpg Sandra Birdsell

  • Article

    Tsuut’ina (Sarcee)

    The Tsuut’ina (Sarcee) are a Dene (or Athabaskan) First Nation whose reserve borders the southwestern city limits of Calgary, Alberta. The name "Sarcee" is believed to have originated from a Siksikáí’powahsin (Blackfoot language) word meaning boldness and hardiness. The Sarcee people call themselves Tsuut’ina (also Tsuu T'ina and Tsúùt'ínà), translated literally as "many people" or "every one (in the Nation)."

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/32779601916_7724a5c6f6_o.jpg Tsuut’ina (Sarcee)

  • Article

    SchoolNet

    SchoolNet was an educational project launched in 1993 by federal, provincial and territorial governments, educational organizations and industry partners. Their goals were to link Canadian schools and libraries (particularly those in remote areas) via the Internet and to foster the creation of a Canadian educational website in English and French.

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  • Article

    Sekani

    Sekani, also known as the Tsek'ehne which means "people of the rocks or mountains," were first contacted by Alexander Mackenzie in 1793. They consisted of several family groups or bands, each of 30-40 persons, who hunted and traded along the Finlay and Parsnip tributaries of the Peace River.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Sekani

  • Article

    Seneca

    The Seneca (Onöndowa’ga, “People of the Great Hills”) are an Indigenous nation. Known as the “Keepers of the Western Door,” they are the western-most member of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy with ancestral lands located south of Lake Ontario. Today, some Seneca people also live on Six Nations territory near Brantford, Ontario. (See also First Nations.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/6c0023ab-b0fd-42d7-84e8-3ee0b717d091.jpg Seneca

  • Article

    Shaman

    A shaman is a religious or mystical expert (male or female) who, in traditional Indigenous societies, functions as a healer, prophet and custodian of cultural tradition.(See also Religion and Spirituality of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/31938a10-8f41-41b1-92bb-8096a3025bf3.jpg Shaman

  • Article

    Shawn Atleo

    Shawn A-in-chut Atleo, chief, activist, businessman (born 16 January 1967 in Ahousaht, BC). Shawn Atleo was twice elected National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations (AFN). A Hereditary Chief of the Ahousaht First Nation in British Columbia, he also served as Regional Chief of the BC AFN, and was the first Indigenous university chancellor in British Columbia. As a leader, Atleo has emphasized education and the potential of Indigenous youth, treaty and land claim reforms, environmental management and resource sharing, as well as unity and a cooperative approach.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/ShawnAtleo/Shawn_atleo.jpg Shawn Atleo

  • Article

    Shawnadithit

    Shawnadithit (also known as Nance or Nancy April), record keeper of Beothuk history and culture (born circa 1800-6 in what is now NL; died 6 June 1829 in St. John’s, NL). Shawnadithit was captured by English furriers in 1823 and later worked as a housekeeper for merchant John Peyton Jr. In 1828, Shawnadithit was brought to Scottish merchant and naturalist William Cormack, who wanted to record information about the language and customs of the Beothuk. Shawnadithit drew maps of Beothuk territory as well as items of Beothuk material culture. While it is popularly believed that Shawnadithit was the last Beothuk, Mi’kmaq oral histories reject that claim. They argue that Shawnadithit’s people intermarried with inland Indigenous peoples after fleeing their homeland. The legacy of Shawnadithit as an important record keeper of Beothuk history and culture remains undisputed. In 2007, the federal government announced the unveiling of a Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada plaque recognizing Shawnadithit’s importance to Canadian history.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/5a96371d-c37d-49fd-a6da-ab62b28474d0.jpg Shawnadithit

  • Article

    Siksikáí’powahsin: Blackfoot Language

    Siksikáí’powahsin (commonly referred to as the Blackfoot language) is an Algonquian language spoken by four Blackfoot nations: the Siksiká (Blackfoot), Aapátohsipikani (North Piikani), Aamsskáápipikani (South Piikani) and Kainai (Blood). While there are some dialectal differences between these groups, speakers can generally understand one another. Blackfoot is an endangered language; since the 1960s, the number of new speakers has significantly decreased. The development of language programs and resources in Canada and the United States seek to preserve the language and promote it to new speakers.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/48719197-b6cd-42c6-ae22-4978290d2f26.jpg Siksikáí’powahsin: Blackfoot Language