Politics & Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Judiciary in Canada

    The judiciary is, collectively, the judges of the courts of law. It is the branch of government in which judicial power is vested. It is independent of the legislative and executive branches. Judges are public officers appointed to preside in a court of justice, to interpret and apply the laws of Canada. They are responsible for adjudicating personal, sensitive, delicate, and emotional disputes; and for resolving major social, economic, and political issues that arise within a legal context. As such, the judiciary helps mold the social fabric governing daily life.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/7ac02b0f-118b-4ccb-b6dc-81f218b68954.jpg Judiciary in Canada

  • Article

    Judy Gingell

    Judy B. Gingell (née Smith), CM, OY, First Nations leader, Commissioner of Yukon, Elder (born 26 November 1946 near Rancheria, YT). Elder Judy Gingell is an Elder and member of Kwanlin Dün First Nation (see also First Nations in Yukon). For decades, Gingell has been a leader working to advance Indigenous rights in Yukon. She has held executive positions in several First Nations organizations. As chair of the Council for Yukon Indians (now Council of Yukon First Nations), Gingell negotiated and signed agreements to grant First Nations in Yukon land and self-government claims (see also Self-Governing First Nations in Yukon). She was the first Indigenous person appointed as Commissioner of Yukon. 

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Judy Gingell

  • Article

    Judy Rebick

    Judy Rebick, feminist, social activist, author, broadcaster, public speaker (born 15 August 1945 in Reno, Nevada). Judy Rebick has championed the rights of women, minorities and the working class since the 1960s. She was a member of the NDP’s Waffle caucus and a pro-choice spokesperson for the Ontario Coalition for Abortion Clinics. She rose to national prominence as the president of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women (1990–93) and as the host of CBC TV programs (1994–2000). From 2002 to 2010, she was the Sam Gindin Chair in Social Justice and Democracy at Ryerson University. She is also a best-selling author and was the founding publisher of rabble.ca.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/JudyRebick/37995865_5ca6cb9eef_w.jpg Judy Rebick

  • Article

    Justin Trudeau

    Justin Pierre James Trudeau, PC, 23rd prime minister of Canada 2015–present, teacher, public issues advocate (born 25 December 1971 in Ottawa, ON). The son of Pierre Trudeau, the former prime minister, Justin has repeatedly defied expectations. In 2007, he won the Liberal nomination in the Montréal riding of Papineau, beating the establishment’s candidate. A year later, he was elected to the House of Commons, confounding pundits who insisted the Trudeau name was political poison among francophone voters. After winning the Liberal Party leadership in 2013, Trudeau propelled the party from third place to first in the House, becoming prime minister at the head of a majority government in 2015. Although Trudeau’s Liberals lost support in the 2019 election, they won enough seats to form a minority government.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/cd710867-7139-438f-abc8-b6bf934a7de1.jpg Justin Trudeau

  • Article

    Kay Livingstone

    Kathleen (Kay) Livingstone (née Jenkins), organizer and activist, broadcaster, actor (born 13 October 1919 in London, ON; died 25 July 1975). Kay Livingstone founded the Canadian Negro Women’s Association in 1951 and organized the first National Congress of Black Women in 1973. An established radio broadcaster and actor, Livingstone also devoted a great deal of her life and energy to social activism and organizing. Her tireless work to encourage a national discussion around the position of racialized people in society, particularly Black women, led Livingstone to coin the term visible minority in 1975.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/KayLivingstone/2018_Black_History_Kay_Livingstone_Stamp.jpg Kay Livingstone

  • Article

    Keith Spicer

    Keith Spicer, journalist, broadcaster, public servant (born 6 March 1934 in Toronto, ON; died 24 August 2023 in Ottawa, ON). Keith Spicer was Canada’s first commissioner of official languages (1970–77). He also worked as a journalist for the Globe and Mail and the Vancouver Sun and was editor-in-chief of the Ottawa Citizen (1985–89). He then served as chair of the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) from 1989 to 1996, except for 1990–91, when he chaired the Citizen's Forum on Canada's Future. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1978.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/ec03c6b4-05de-4971-afa1-e6ef64df4fb9.jpg Keith Spicer

  • Article

    Ken Sim

    Ken Sim, entrepreneur, politician, mayor of Vancouver 2022– (born 18 October 1970 in Vancouver, BC). Ken Sim worked as an accountant and investment banker before co-founding two successful businesses: Nurse Next Door and Rosemary Rocksalt bagels. Sim made an unsuccessful bid to become mayor of Vancouver in 2018, losing to Kennedy Stewart by 957 votes. In 2022, he and his A Better City (ABC) Party won a majority government with a platform that stressed law and order and public safety. Sim is the first Chinese Canadian to be elected mayor of Vancouver.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/vancouver-mayor-ken-sim-290x227.jpg Ken Sim

  • Article

    Kennedy Stewart

    Kennedy Stewart, politician, academic, mayor of Vancouver 2018–22 (born 8 November 1966 in Halifax, Nova Scotia). Kennedy Stewart served as a Member of Parliament for Burnaby-Douglas and Burnaby South and was a member of the federal NDP caucus. He is also an associate professor on leave at Simon Fraser University’s School of Public Policy. Stewart was elected the 40th mayor of Vancouver on 20 October 2018. He presided over a gridlocked and dysfunctional city council and lost his re-election bid on 15 October 2022.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/KennedyStewart/412px-Kennedy-Stewart-MP.jpg Kennedy Stewart

  • Article

    King-Byng Affair (Plain-Language Summary)

    The King-Byng Affair was a constitutional crisis that happened in 1926. It pitted the powers of a prime minister against the powers of a governor general. It began when Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King asked Governor General Lord Julian Byng to dissolve Parliament and call a new election. Byng refused. It ended with King winning another election. Since then, no governor general has publicly refused the advice of a prime minister. This article is a plain-language summary of the King-Byng Affair. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry: King-Byng Affair.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/bc101b95-90c9-4f86-b242-e84ad88599bf.jpg King-Byng Affair (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    King Edward VIII

    Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, HRH Prince of Wales from 1910 to 1936, HM King Edward VIII from 20 January to 11 December 1936, HRH The Duke of Windsor from 1936 to 1972 (born 23 June 1894 in White Lodge Richmond, Surrey, England; died 28 May 1972 in Paris, France). Edward toured Canada on several occasions and purchased a ranch in Alberta. He is best known for abdicating the crown and marrying American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Edward is mentioned in novels by several Canadian authors, including Robertson Davies, Lucy Maud Montgomery and Timothy Findley. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/EdwardVIII_crop.jpg King Edward VIII

  • Article

    Lady Grey

    Alice, Countess Grey, viceregal consort of Canada from 1904 to 1911 (born 18 November 1858 in London, United Kingdom; died 22 September 1944 in Lowood, United Kingdom).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/EarlGrey/Lady Grey.jpg Lady Grey

  • Article

    Lady Lansdowne

    Maud Evelyn Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne, viceregal consort of Canada from 1883 to 1888 and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Alexandra (born 17 December 1850 in Strabane, Ireland; died 21 October 1932 in London, United Kingdom).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Lansdowne/Lady_Lansdowne.jpg Lady Lansdowne

  • Article

    Lady Monck

    Lady Elizabeth Louise Mary Monck, Viscountess Monck of Ballytrammon, viceregal consort of British North America from 1861 to 1867 and viceregal consort of the Dominion of Canada from 1867 to 1868 (born 1 March 1814; died 16 June 1892 in Charleville, Enniskerry, County Wicklow, Ireland). Lady Monck was the first viceregal consort of the Dominion of Canada and the first to live at Rideau Hall.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/Monck/LadyMonck.jpg Lady Monck

  • Article

    Laurence Decore

    Laurence George Decore (born Lavrentiy Dikur), CM, lawyer, entrepreneur, community activist, alderman and mayor of Edmonton, Alberta MLA, leader of the Alberta Liberal Party, Alberta’s opposition leader (born 18 June 1940 in Vegreville, AB; died 6 November 1999 in Edmonton, AB). Laurence Decore was a Ukrainian Canadian community activist and politician. He served as an Edmonton alderman (1974–77) and mayor (1983–88) and chaired the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism. In this role, he led the drafting of section 27 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It entrenched multiculturalism in Canada’s Constitution. Decore also served as an Alberta MLA (1989–97). He led the Alberta Liberal Party (1988–94) and was leader of the Opposition (1993–94).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/DCI-images/1982-Decore-final-rescale.jpg Laurence Decore

  • Article

    Leo Kolber

    Ernest Leo Kolber, OC, businessman, philanthropist, senator (born 18 January 1929 in Montreal, QC; died 9 January 2020 in Montreal). Leo Kolber was a pillar of Canada’s business, political and philanthropic communities for more than 50 years. He was perhaps best known as a long-time advisor to the Bronfman family. Kolber also ran the successful real estate firm Cadillac Fairview Corporation, as well as holding companies that administered the Bronfman family trust. He served in the Senate of Canada from 1983 to 2004, most notably as chairman of the Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce. He was also the Liberal Party’s chief fundraiser for many years and chair of the Advisory Council on National Security from 2005 to 2007. An Officer of the Order of Canada, he was recognized for his many charitable and philanthropic contributions.

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    https://development.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Leo Kolber