Politics & Law | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Roméo Dallaire

    Roméo Antonius Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, soldier, peace advocate, humanitarian, senator 2005–2014 (born 25 June 1946 in Denekamp, the Netherlands). Roméo Dallaire served with distinction in the Canadian Armed Forces. In 1994, he led the United Nations’ peacekeeping mission in Rwanda and witnessed the genocide there. He was so affected by it that he became a global advocate for victims of war and conflict. His account of the Rwandan genocide, Shake Hands With the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003) won the Governor General's Literary Award for Non-Fiction. Dallaire was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2002 and a Grand officier of the Ordre national du Québec in 2005. He also served in the Senate of Canada from 2005 until 2014. He was inducted into Canada’s Walk of Fame in 2021.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/b96df187-fbd0-4bd0-bdb1-15e603c0352c.jpg Roméo Dallaire

  • Article

    Romeo Saganash

    Romeo Saganash, lawyer, politician, advocate for Indigenous rights (born 28 October 1962 in Waswanipi, a Cree community southeast of James Bay in central Quebec). Saganash is Quebec’s first Indigenous Member of Parliament and the province’s first Cree person to receive an undergraduate law degree. He is believed to be the first Indigenous leader in Canada to run for the leadership of a major political party. For the last 20 years, Saganash has represented the Cree at numerous national and international forums concerning Indigenous issues. He spent 23 years helping to negotiate the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples — a resolution that provides a framework to implement treaty rights between First Peoples and Canada and to fulfill other obligations in international agreements. He has spent his life furthering the economic, environmental, legal and constitutional rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada, particularly the Cree in the James Bay region.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/Romeo-Saganash.jpg Romeo Saganash

  • Article

    Rosalie Silberman Abella

    Rosalie Silberman Abella, FRSC, justice of the Supreme Court of Canada 2004–21, justice of the Ontario Family Court 1976–92, justice of the Ontario Court of Appeal 1992–2004, lawyer (born 1 July 1946 in Stuttgart, Germany). Rosalie Silberman Abella is the first Jewish woman and the first former refugee to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. She was also both the youngest person and the first pregnant person to become a judge in Canada. Abella served as a justice on the Supreme Court from 2004 until 2021. She is best known for her advocacy for employment equity, for determining the legal context that bars employment discrimination, and for extending survivor benefits to same-sex couples. She has received 40 honorary degrees and has been inducted into Canada’s Walk of Fame.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/20170125_GlobalJuristAward_Abella_cropped.jpg Rosalie Silberman Abella

  • Article

    Rosemarie Kuptana

    Rosemarie Kuptana (sometimes Rosemary), OC, Inuit broadcaster, author, rights activist, and former president of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (born 24 March 1954 near the Prince of Wales Strait, NT).

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/Twitter_Cards/Kuptana.png Rosemarie Kuptana

  • Collection

    Royal Family

    Canada is a constitutional monarchy with the King as head of state. The Crown holds the power to govern but this power is entrusted to the government, which is expected to lead on behalf of the people. The sovereign reigns by hereditary right — as opposed to the elected head of government — and is one of the three components of Parliament (the Crown, House of Commons and Senate). 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/9aee58c9-042a-4c8d-874f-713bbb551f3e.jpg Royal Family

  • List

    Royals Who Lived in Canada

    There have been royal tours of Canada since the late 18th century, but some royalty stayed for longer than a few days or weeks and became property owners and/or long-term residents of Canada. Some lived in Canada on official business as military leaders or governors general, while others fled war, revolution or the paparazzi to find a safe haven. Here are 10 examples of royalty who lived in Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Royals/Zita_1917.jpg Royals Who Lived in Canada

  • Article

    Sam Steele

    Sir Samuel Benfield Steele, CB, KCMG, mounted policeman, soldier (born 5 January 1848 in Medonte, Canada West; died 30 January 1919 in London, England). As a member of the North-West Mounted Police, Steele was an important participant in the signing of Treaty 6 and Treaty 7, the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the North-West Rebellion and the Klondike gold rush. His military career began as a private in the Red River Expedition, included service in the South African War as an officer commanding Lord Strathcona’s Horse and as a major general during the First World War.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/a64c2753-6c2c-4abe-a75b-d9e9202495e4.jpg Sam Steele

  • Article

    Samuel de Champlain

    Samuel de Champlain, cartographer, explorer, colonial administrator, author (born circa 1567 in Brouage, France; died 25 December 1635 in Quebec City). Known as the “Father of New France,” Samuel de Champlain played a major role in establishing New France from 1603 to 1635. He is also credited with founding Quebec City in 1608. He explored the Atlantic coastline (in Acadia), the Canadian interior and the Great Lakes region. He also helped found French colonies in Acadia and at Trois-Rivières, and he established friendly relations and alliances with many First Nations, including the Montagnais, the Huron, the Odawa and the Nipissing. For many years, he was the chief person responsible for administrating the colony of New France. Champlain published four books as well as several maps of North America. His works are the only written account of New France at the beginning of the 17th century.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/83a53c1a-6c97-475e-91de-f2c0fdc9d49f.jpg Samuel de Champlain

  • Article

    Samuel Simpson Sharpe

    This article contains sensitive material that may not be suitable for all audiences.Samuel Simpson Sharpe, barrister, politician, soldier (born on 13 March 1873 in Zephyr, Ontario; died 25 May 1918 in Montreal, Quebec). Sharpe was a militia officer and sitting Member of Parliament when he raised the 116th Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force, and took it overseas. After participating in some of Canada’s bloodiest battles of the war, he was hospitalized for “nervous shock” and returned to Canada. While undergoing treatment, he committed suicide by jumping from a Montreal hospital window. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/Sharpe/Sharpe_relief.jpg Samuel Simpson Sharpe

  • Article

    Sandy Silver

    Sidney Alexander “Sandy” Silver, premier of Yukon (2016–23), teacher, musician, volunteer (born 15 October 1969 in Antigonish, NS). Sandy Silver has been a member of the Yukon legislature since 2011. He became interim leader of the Yukon Liberal Party in 2012, leader in 2014 and premier of the Yukon in 2016, when his party won a majority government. After leading the Yukon through the COVID-19 pandemic and leaving the government with a $55-million surplus, Silver announced he would not seek re-election. He stepped down as Liberal leader and premier in January 2023. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/32bb6801-14ea-40f6-be53-969fa5804ee2.jpg Sandy Silver

  • Article

    Scott Moe

    Scott Moe, 15th premier of Saskatchewan (2018–present), Cabinet minister, businessman (born circa 1973 near Shellbrook, SK). In January 2018, Scott Moe won the leadership of the Saskatchewan Party and was sworn in as premier on 2 February 2018. After completing a university degree in agriculture, he worked in the agricultural equipment industry for several years. Moe entered politics in 2011 as an MLA representing the Saskatchewan Party and served several posts in government, including as environment minister. In January 2018, Moe won the leadership of the Saskatchewan Party and replaced Brad Wall as premier.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/e2d2312e-310e-4b0d-a981-cb02f0b327f4.jpg Scott Moe

  • Article

    Racial Segregation of Asian Canadians

    The beginning of Chinese immigration to present-day British Columbia in the 1850s sparked a vociferous and sustained opposition from Euro-Canadian residents. This opposition intensified with the arrival of Japanese immigrants in the 1870s and South Asians in the early 1900s. To counter the supposed racial and economic dangers presented by these groups, labour leaders and others in the province successfully lobbied for legal and social restrictions on Asian employment, housing, education and civic participation in the province. These formed the basis for Asian segregation in British Columbia and Canada generally, which continued until the end of Japanese internment and the removal of all Asian voting restrictions in 1949. While it never attained the level of racial separation seen during the US South’s Jim Crow era, Asian segregation from whites in 19th and early 20th century Canada defined many aspects of everyday life in Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/0cf92f4d-b2fe-43d7-90b4-4d520d9659b6.jpg Racial Segregation of Asian Canadians

  • Article

    Sheila North

    Sheila North, leader, activist, journalist (born 1972 in Oxford House, MB, now Bunibonibee Cree Nation). In 2015, Sheila North became the first woman elected as Grand Chief of Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak. This organization represents 30 First Nations in Northern Manitoba. She coined the hashtag #MMIW (Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women) in 2012. It is meant to raise awareness of the national crisis and address violence against Indigenous women. A journalist, North has worked as a correspondent for CBC News and CTV News in Winnipeg.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/SheilaNorth/Sheila_North_upload.jpg Sheila North

  • Article

    Sheilah L. Martin

    Sheilah Louise Martin, justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, lawyer, professor (born 31 May 1956 in Montreal, Quebec). Sheilah L. Martin is currently a justice on the Supreme Court of Canada . She was appointed to the court on 18 December 2017. She has earned a reputation for her expertise in judicial ethics and for her efforts to eliminate stereotypes and myths around rape from Canada’s courts. She also played key roles in developing the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement and securing compensation for David Milgaard and Thomas Sophonow , two of Canada’s most infamous wrongful convictions.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/sheilah-l-martin-bn-hr.jpg Sheilah L. Martin

  • Article

    Sheriff

    Sheriff Sheriff In each county and judicial district in Canada sheriffs, appointed by the lieutenant-governor-in-council, serve processes (eg, writs of summonses); attend upon supreme and county court judges and maintain order in the courts (performed by constables); execute judgements, eg, seizing the judgement debtor's goods (performed by BAILIFFS); summon and supervise JURIES, and take custody of noncriminal prisoners. 

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