Health & Medicine | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Pharmaceutical Industry

    The pharmaceutical industry involves companies that research, create, market and sell both generic and brand-name drugs.

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  • Article

    Pharmacy

    Pharmacy is the act or practice of preparing, preserving, compounding and dispensing drugs. Louis HÉBERT, one of the first settlers of New France, was a pharmacist from Paris.

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  • Article

    Physical Anthropology

    Human biological history is most directly told by the fossil record. Although early hominid remains (fossils in the human line) are not found in the Western Hemisphere, Canadians have contributed significantly to paleontology.

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  • Article

    Physical Education (Kinesiology)

    Kinesiology, a branch of the educational curricula of every province in Canada which originated with a variety of forms of activity and concepts such as drill, calisthenics, gymnastics, physical training and physical culture.

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  • Article

    Physicians for Global Survival (Canada)

    Physicians for Global Survival (Canada) (originally Physicians for Social Responsibility) is a voluntary nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention of nuclear war. It came into being largely as the result of the efforts of the founding president, Dr Frank Sommers.

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  • Editorial

    The 1885 Montreal Smallpox Epidemic

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. In 1885, smallpox gripped the city of Montreal.

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  • Article

    Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Canada

    Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that affects individuals exposed to trauma (although not all people exposed to trauma develop PTSD). Studies suggest that over 70 per cent of Canadians have been exposed to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, and that nearly 1 out of 10 Canadians may develop PTSD at some point in their lives. PTSD can affect adults and children and can appear months or even years after exposure to the trauma.

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  • Article

    Psychedelic Research in 1950s Saskatchewan

    In the 1950s, Saskatchewan was home to some of the most important psychedelic research in the world. Saskatchewan-based psychiatrist Humphry Osmond coined the word psychedelic in 1957. In the mental health field, therapies based on guided LSD and mescaline trips offered an alternative to long-stay care in asylums. They gave clinicians a deeper understanding of psychotic disorders and an effective tool for mental health and addictions research. Treating patients with a single dose of psychedelic was seen as an attractive, cost-effective approach. It fit with the goals of a new, publicly funded health-care system aimed at restoring health and autonomy to patients who had long been confined to asylums. Click here for definitions of key terms used in this article.

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  • Article

    Psychiatry

    PsychiatryPsychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with disorders of the mind (or mental illnesses) and a broad range of other disturbed behaviours, including behavioural and emotional reactions to physical disease, life stresses and personal crises; personality problems; and difficulties with coping, adjustments and achievement. Psychiatrists are physicians, and in Canada they need to have passed the fellowship examination of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, or, in Québec, to have obtained...

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  • Article

    Public Health in Canada (Plain-Language Summary)

    Illness and disease affect everyone. Individuals alone cannot prevent illness and disease. To do so it is important to focus on communities, not just individuals. The purpose of public health is to protect communities against illness and disease. This, in turn, helps individuals. This article is a plain-language summary of Public Health in Canada. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Public Health in Canada.

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  • Macleans

    QLT PhotoTherapeutics

    Strange things were happening to Philip Watts. When he woke in the morning he noticed a spray of brown markings on his pillow, which at first looked like coffee grounds. He soon realized they were caused by blood.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on February 1, 1999

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  • Article

    Quarantine Act

    Canada adopted quarantine legislation in 1872, five years after Confederation. It was replaced by the current Quarantine Act, which was passed by the Parliament of Canada and received royal assent in 2005. The act gives sweeping powers to the federal health minister to prevent the introduction and spread of communicable diseases. These powers can include health screenings, the creation of quarantine facilities and mandatory isolation orders. The Quarantine Act was introduced in the wake of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis of 2003. It was invoked in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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  • Macleans

    Quebec and the High Cost of Smoking

    This article was originally published in Maclean’s magazine on October 25, 1999. Partner content is not updated. In the waning light of a brisk October evening in Quebec City, patrons flock to a bar in a yuppie neighbourhood near the Plains of Abraham. Inside, Sarah McLachlan's sensual voice spills out of the sound system.

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  • Article

    Royal Victoria Hospital

    Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, is a teaching hospital affiliated with McGill University. Its original building on the southern slopes of Mount Royal is the premier Canadian illustration of pavilion-plan hospital architecture.

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  • Article

    Salmonella

    The OrganismThe organism that causes salmonella is a genus of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, members of which are commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals. It is named after D.E. Salmon, the American bacteriologist who described it in 1885.

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