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  • Article

    Youth Orchestras

    Canadian youth orchestras fall into three main categories: those attached to public and private schools (including universities, colleges, conservatories, and camps); those connected to and supported by adult community or professional orchestras; and those which represent a city or region and are a young counterpart of the community orchestras. Among the earliest youth orchestras in Canada were the Manitoba Schools' Orchestra (Greater Winnipeg Schools' Orchestra), founded in 1923, the Mount Royal College (Calgary) Junior Orchestra...

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  • Article

    Ypres: Inexperienced Canadians Hold the Line

    "Here was the world's worst wound." — Siegfried Sassoon, "On Passing the New Menin Gate" (1928) In early October 1914 the British Expeditionary Force left its positions on the Aisne River in France, moved to the left of the Allied line, and joined the Race to the Sea. While advancing northeastward, into the Belgian province of West Flanders, they collided with strong German forces advancing westward toward the Channel coast. The British and their French...

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  • Article

    Music of the Former Yugoslavia in Canada

    Patterns of immigration to Canada from this south-central European country are considered in EMC entries for Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia - four of the republics and cultures which constitute the political and geographic entity of Yugoslavia.

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  • Article

    Yukon and Confederation

    Yukon entered Confederation in 1898, after a gold rush boom led Canada to create a second northern territory out of the Northwest Territories (NWT).

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  • Article

    Yukon Arts Council

    Yukon Arts Council. Organization founded as an independent society under the Yukon Societies Ordinance in October 1971. Prior to that time, some of its musical responsibilities were carried out by the Whitehorse Concert Association, active from the late 1950s to 1970.

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  • Article

    Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre

    (courtesy Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre).In the Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre (courtesy Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre).PreviousNext Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre The newly opened (1997) Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre in Whitehorse, Yukon, takes visitors back some 24 000 years to Beringia, the land bridge that joined Asia and North America during the last, Wisconsinan Ice Age (see Glaciation). The centre includes models, skeletal remains and dioramas of ice-age megafauna, including woolly mammoths, giant beaver and the steppe...

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  • Macleans

    Yukon Celebrates Gold Rush Centenary

    Madeleine Gould can often be seen on the streets of Dawson sporting a T-shirt that reads: "The Yukon: where men are men and women are pioneers."This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on August 19, 1996

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  • Article

    Yukon Field Force

    Yukon Field Force (1898-1900), composed of 203 officers and men drawn from all 3 branches (cavalry, artillery and infantry) of the Permanent Force of the Canadian Militia.

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  • Article

    Yukon River

    At 3,185 km (1,149 km of which lie in Canada), the Yukon River is among the longest rivers in the country (see also Longest Rivers in Canada). Its headwaters are in the northwest corner of British Columbia, at the province’s border with the Yukon. It flows north and northwest across the Yukon into Alaska, then west to Norton Sound on the Bering Sea. Within the large central plateau of the Yukon, ringed by the Mackenzie Mountains to the east and the St. Elias range to the southwest, the Yukon River and its tributaries form the region’s dominant drainage basin.

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  • Article

    Ice Resurfacers (Including Zamboni Machines)

    Zamboni ice resurfacers are used in arenas across Canada and around the world. Although Zamboni is a registered trademark, many Canadians use the term to refer to all ice resurfacers, including those produced by other companies. American Frank J. Zamboni invented the original Zamboni ice resurfacer in 1949. His namesake company is based in Paramount, California, but also has a large manufacturing facility in Brantford, Ontario. The Zamboni Company’s major competitor, Resurfice Corporation (based in Elmira, Ontario), produces the Olympia line of ice resurfacers that are used in arenas across Canada and around the world. In 2016, ICETECH Machines began producing the Okay Elektra, an electronic ice resurfacer, in Terrebonne, Québec.

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  • Article

    Zed

    Zed is the name of the letter Z. The pronunciation zed is more commonly used in Canadian English than zee. English speakers in other Commonwealth countries also prefer the pronunciation zed. As zed is the British pronunciation and zee is chiefly American, zed represents one of the rare occasions in which most Canadians prefer the British to the American pronunciation. Use of zee is often stigmatized among Canadian English speakers, which is likely the reason why zee has not taken root as quickly as other influences from American English.

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  • Article

    Zero Patience

    Zero Patience (1993), director/writer/video artist John GREYSON's first theatrical release, is one of his most scathing and strangely hilarious indictments of systematic homophobia.

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  • Article

    Zinc

    Zinc (Zn) is a bluish-white metal of low to intermediate hardness that melts at 419°C and is estimated to comprise about 0.013% of the earth's crust. Zinc is an essential element for human health; over 200 enzymes in the body require zinc for proper functioning.

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  • Article

    Zoning

    Zoning is the term used to describe the control by authority of the use of land, and of the buildings and improvements thereon. Areas of land are divided by appropriate authorities into zones within which various uses are permitted.

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  • Article

    Zooarchaeology

     In Canada most zooarchaeologists study teeth, bone and marine shells, because these materials are commonly preserved on archaeological sites. Preservation of specimens depends on what happened to them before burial, the rate at which they were buried, and the burial environment.

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